Surfactant-free nonaqueous synthesis of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) nanostructures for lithium ion battery applications

Yu, Seung Ho; Pucci, Andrea; Herntrich, Tobias; Willinger, Marc Georg; Baek, Seung Hwan; Sung, Yung Eun; Pinna, Nicola

doi:10.1039/c0jm03064c

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Bilecka et al [6] prepared nanocrystalline LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 cathode materials with excellent cycling stabilities by a microwave-assisted non-aqueous route in benzyl alcohol. Nanocrystalline Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material obtained by the same route showed good lithium intercalation/deintercalation performances at high rates (up to 30 C) and good cycling stabilities [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lithium insertion properties of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2–V2O5 microspheres prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel

Escamilla-Pérez

Louvain

Kaschowitz

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO 2 and TiO 2 -V 2 O 5 microspheres were prepared by non-hydrolytic solgel from TiCl 4 , VOCl 3 , and i Pr 2 O at 110°C without any solvent or additives. The samples were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and impedance measurements. At low vanadium loadings, only TiO 2 anatase was detected, and V 2 O 5 scherbinaite was also detected at high vanadium loadings. The texture of the samples depended on the V loading, but all the samples appeared built of primary nanoparticles (&10-20 nm in size) that aggregate to form mesoporous micron-sized spheres. The lithium insertion properties of these materials were evaluated by galvanostatic measurements taken using coin-type cells, in view of their application as electrode for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. The mesoporous TiO 2 microspheres showed good performances, with a specific reversible capacity of 145 and 128 mAh g -1 at C/2 and C, respectively (C = 335.6 mA g -1 ), good coulombic efficiency, and a moderate capacity fade (6 %) from the 2nd to the 20th cycle at C/20. Although the addition of V effectively increased the electronic conductivity of the powders, the specific reversible capacity and cycling performances of the TiO 2 -V 2 O 5 samples were only minimally improved for a 5 at% V loading and were lower at higher V loading. Graphical AbstractTiCl 4 + x VOCl 3+(4+3x)/2 i Pr 2 O 110 °C 4 d Drying Calcination

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lithium insertion properties of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2–V2O5 microspheres prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel

Escamilla-Pérez

Louvain

Kaschowitz

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…For example the material LiNi0.07Fe0.93PO4 exhibited capacity of 163 mAh·g −1 after 300 cycles with a loss of only 3%. The work of Yu et al [218] describes nanostructured micrometer-sized hierarchical spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanostructures prepared via the benzyl alcohol method from metallic lithium and Ti(O i Pr)4 at 250 °C. It was found that annealing at 750 °C improves the electrochemical performance, which reaches the theoretical capacity of Li4Ti5O12 and displays a loss of less than 5% after 200 cycles.…”

Section: Electrodes In Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to good reaction control and high homogeneity of final products, non-hydrolytic methods offer promising pathways for electrode materials syntheses. The benzyl alcohol route was used for the preparation of LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 materials [153,154,218]. LiFePO 4 prepared by Bilecka et al exhibited excellent electrochemical performance including high discharge capacities of ca.…”

Section: Electrodes In Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review

et al. 2017

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This review is devoted to non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. During the last 25 years, non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) techniques were found to be attractive and versatile methods for the preparation of oxide materials. Compared to conventional hydrolytic approaches, the NHSG route allows reaction control at the atomic scale resulting in homogeneous and well defined products. Due to these features and the ability to design specific materials, the products of NHSG reactions have been used in many fields of application. The aim of this review is to present an overview of NHSG research in recent years with an emphasis on the syntheses of mixed oxides, silicates and phosphates. The first part of the review highlights well known condensation reactions with some deeper insights into their mechanism and also presents novel condensation reactions established in NHSG chemistry in recent years. In the second section we discuss porosity control and novel compositions of selected materials. In the last part, the applications of NHSG derived materials as heterogeneous catalysts and supports, luminescent materials and electrode materials in Li-ion batteries are described.

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“…8 Most Ti-based oxides are usually prepared via solid-state reaction at high temperatures, 4,9,10 but as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 requires a high calcination temperature of more than 600°C, only aggregated inhomogeneous particles with a broad size distribution are obtained. 9 Since product performance is dependent on particle size and shape, there has been considerable effort directed toward synthesizing size-and shape-controlled Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 particles through solvothermal 11,12 and sol-gel methods 13 . More recently, a two-step process combining a hydrothermal method with post-heat treatment has also attracted much attention, as it allows target substances to be obtained at a relatively low temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-selective hydrothermal synthesis of hydrous lithium titanates nanoparticles as a precursor to Li4Ti5O12 anode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries

Kimijima

Kanie

Tsujikawa

et al. 2015

Ceramics International

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Surfactant-free nonaqueous synthesis of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) nanostructures for lithium ion battery applications

Cited by 81 publications

References 38 publications

Lithium insertion properties of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2–V2O5 microspheres prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel

Lithium insertion properties of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2–V2O5 microspheres prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel

The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review

Phase-selective hydrothermal synthesis of hydrous lithium titanates nanoparticles as a precursor to Li4Ti5O12 anode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries

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