Surfactant-enhanced Soil Washing using Tween and Tergitol Series Surfactants for Kuwait Soil Heavily Contaminated with Crude Oil

Abstract

Batch experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of a surfactant-enhanced soil washing process for soils heavily contaminated with crude oil in Kuwait. TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was 223,754 mg/kg, sampled from the bottom of a vaporized oil extraction pond in the Burgan reservoir field. Commercialized eight nonionic surfactants (Tween and Tergitol series) were used to measure the aqueous solubility for the crude oil. Among them, two Tergitol surfactants were used to evaluate the TPH removal efficiency of the surfactant-enhanced soil washing for heavily contaminated Kuwait soil. The solubility of the crude oil in surfactant solution was in the order Tergitol 15-S-7 > Tergitol 15-S-9 > Tergitol 15-S-12 > Tween-80 > Tween-20 > Tween-60, which showed that the crude oil solubilities of the Tergitol series were higher than those of the Tween series. The TPH removal efficiencies of 2% and 5% Tergitol 15-S-9 solution were 59% and 65%, respectively. Because the residual TPH concentration in the washed soil was still higher than the clean-up level (10,000 mg/kg), the soil washing process was repeated five times. After the fifth washing, the residual TPH concentration in the soil went down to 7,680 mg/kg and its removal efficiency was 97%.

Influence of Quartz, Kaolin, and Organic Matter on the Critical Micelle Concentration of Tween Surfactants and their Application in Diesel‐Contaminated Soil Washing

“…The extracted solvent (1 mL) was filtered through a 0.25 μm PTFE membrane and the residual diesel concentration was analyzed by GC-FID (Agilent-8890). The in-house method for analyzing diesel by GC-FID used in this study was modified from Heo and Lee (2015) and Rongsayamanont et al (2020) and the analytical conditions of this method are described in Table 3.…”

Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Gas Station Soil Using High-Pressure Soil Washing Technology

“…45 등이 적용되고 있다. [9][10][11] 열탈착법은 적정한 수준의 열을 가해 토양 내 유류 오염물질을 증발시키는 토양정화 기술로 단기간 에 높은 정화 효율을 보여줄 수 있지만, 운영비가 높아 경제성 이 낮다. 12,13) 토양증기추출법은 오염토양 내에 공기를 주입한 후 진공조건에서 VOC를 휘발시켜 제거하는 기술로 초기 건 설 비용은 저렴한 편이나 장기간 운영 시 경제성이 떨어진다 는 단점이 있으며, 경유로 오염된 토양에는 효과적인 정화 효 율을 기대하기 어렵다.…”