Surfactant-Enhanced and Automated Pretreatment Based on Immunoaffinity Magnetic Beads Coupled with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Peanut Oils

Abstract

Sample pretreatment is an important step in the detection and analysis of mycotoxins. However, conventional pretreatment methods are complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive; moreover, they generate a large amount of organic waste that pollutes the environment. An environmentally friendly and automated pretreatment method is proposed. Without extraction using organic solvents in advance, aflatoxins in peanut oil are directly cleaned and concentrated by immunomagnetic beads with the aid of a reaction solution containing surfactant Tween-20. Under optimal conditions, the proposed pretreatment method requires 40 min to simultaneously pretreat 10–24 samples without any centrifugation or filtering steps, and virtually no organic waste was produced. This pretreatment step was coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection to develop an effective detection method. The recovery of spiked aflatoxins in peanut oils at different concentrations ranged from 91.6 to 100.8%, and the relative standard deviation was below 5.3%. This reliable method overcomes the drawbacks of conventional methods and offers great application prospects.

Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut Oil by an Amphipathic Laccase–Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflower

“…Edible vegetable oil plays an indispensable role as the source of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in the daily diet of people. , Edible vegetable oils are made from oil seeds, such as peanut, corn, rapeseed, and soybean. Because the oil seeds are susceptible to infection by mycotoxin-producing fungi, mycotoxin contamination of edible vegetable oils is a critical food safety issue. , For example, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), which is the most potent teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin, is often detected in peanut oil. , Recently, great progresses have been made in rapid detection of mycotoxins. − However, as a result of crops being inevitably infected by fungi and accumulating mycotoxins, it is very important to develop strategies to remove mycotoxins after contamination to ensure the safety of agricultural products and their processed products. To reduce the risk of AFB 1 contamination, several strategies for the removal of AFB 1 from peanut oil have been developed, including physical [adsorption, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, photocatalysis, etc.]…”

“…3,4 For example, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), which is the most potent teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin, is often detected in peanut oil. 5,6 Recently, great progresses have been made in rapid detection of mycotoxins. 7−10 However, as a result of crops being inevitably infected by fungi and accumulating mycotoxins, it is very important to develop strategies to remove mycotoxins after contamination to ensure the safety of agricultural products and their processed products.…”

Fluorine-Functionalized Triazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers for the Efficient Adsorption of Aflatoxins

“…So far, the main methods used to detect aflatoxins include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection or fluorescence detection (FLD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . HPLC-FLD is preferred by most laboratories because of its low cost, high selectivity, and sensitivity .…”

Magnetic Liposomes Infused with GPCR-Expressing Cell Membrane for Targeted Extraction Using Minimum Organic Solvent: An Investigative Study of Trace THC in Sewage

“…This technique was firstly described in biological matrices including blood and urine, where the atibody–antigen binding potency was optimized . Although successful examples have been demonstrated in food and wastewater samples, the stability and molecular recognition capacity of antibodies are often jeopardized. , To overcome this limitation, synthetic materials have been explored to mimick natural antibodies. , For example, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles embedded with Fe 3 O 4 were shown to specifically recognize and adsorb trace tetracycline from milk samples, with a limit of detection at 0.83 ng/mL . Synthetic recognition units, however, lack the delicacy and sophistication of natural antibodies, thus often resulting in compromised binding strength and extraction specificity …”

“…17 Although successful examples have been demonstrated in food and wastewater samples, the stability and molecular recognition capacity of antibodies are often jeopardized. 18,19 To overcome this limitation, synthetic materials have been explored to mimick natural antibodies. 20,21 For example, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles embedded with Fe 3 O 4 were shown to specifically recognize and adsorb trace tetracycline from milk samples, with a limit of detection at 0.83 ng/mL.…”