Surfactant assisted syntheses of monolithic hybrid ceramics with hierarchical porosity

Schlüter, Florian; Wilhelm, Michaela; Rezwan, Kurosch

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.03.034

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…While most of the PH precursors were synthesized within w/o HIPEs, recent work has also shown that PHs from o/w HIPEs can be used for the generation of porous carbons, either through HTC or through the use of urea-based deep eutectics . SSAs over 1000 m 2 /g have been achieved ,, as well as conductivities over 100 S/m. , Porous carbons based on PHs were investigated for dye adsorption, for heptane vapor and water vapor adsorption, for oxygen reduction reactions, for methanol electro-oxidation, and for supercapacitor electrode applications . Porous, emulsion-templated Si(HIPE)s have recently been used as hosts for bacterial colonization in the development of potential biotechnological applications …”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…205 SSAs over 1000 m 2 /g have been achieved 143,198,209 as well as conductivities over 100 S/m. 143,188 Porous carbons based on PHs were investigated for dye adsorption, 205 for heptane vapor and water vapor adsorption, 286 for oxygen reduction reactions, 201 for methanol electro-oxidation, 189 and for supercapacitor electrode applications. 179 with sulfonation), 50 coating with conductive polymers (reaching over 10 −3 S/m for polypyrrole), 288 or generating conductive porous carbons.…”

Section: Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond

et al. 2019

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Emulsion templating presently extends far beyond the original hydrophobic porous polymers that were synthesized within surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) by using free radical polymerization. This Perspective presents the extraordinary versatility of emulsion templating that has emerged with the growing numbers of HIPE systems, HIPE stabilization strategies, monomers, polymerization chemistries, multicomponent materials, and surface functionalities. Emulsion templating now goes far beyond "porous polymers" by encompassing the encapsulation of aqueous solutions, ionic melts, and organic liquids as well as by encompassing porous carbons and porous inorganics. Herein, we present comprehensive pictures of the state-of-the-art, of the prospective large-scale and niche applications, of the advantages and challenges for industrial scale-up, and of the crucial directions that should be pursued in future work. We demonstrate that it is emulsion templating's considerable and versatile parameter space that offers opportunities for pioneering work, breakthrough innovations, scientific/engineering achievements, and industrial adoption.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond

et al. 2019

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“…However, the low electrical conductivity and poor electrocatalytic activity are the main impediment of using them as electrocatalyst. On the other hand, the possibility of tailoring the electrical and electrocatalytic properties of PDC by different precursors, increasing the pyrolysis temperature, or adding conductive fillers makes them one of the suitable candidates. , The in situ growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within a porous PDC structure was already reported with the presence of dehydrogenation-active transition metal nanoparticles by applying catalyst-assisted pyrolysis (CAP). − For creating porous PDCs, various methods such as foaming, freeze-casting, or sacrificial templates were widely described. ,− Previous studies in our group demonstrated that the promising way to get interconnected pore structures is by using the sacrificial template technique with polystyrene beads (expandable; 98 vol % air) . Moreover, one of the main advantages of using PDCs is that the added metal precursors can be mixed directly with the polymer precursor, which provides a homogeneous distribution of metal nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Containing Ceramic Composite with in Situ Grown Carbon Nanotube as a Cathode Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery

Prabu

Pollachini

Wilhelm

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The development of new air-breathing cathode catalyst not only addresses the performance of fuel cells and metal−air batteries but also make them cheaper. Herein, we developed a new, metal containing (Ni, Co, Pt and their alloys) ceramic composite as a cathode electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and zinc−air battery (ZAB) application. The porous ceramic foams were generated with the help of a sacrificial template method in which polystyrene beads were infiltrated with a polysiloxane precursor. With addition of metal salts into the porous ceramic matrix, the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by applying catalyst-assisted pyrolysis was facilitated. The in situ grown CNTs in composite ceramic affect the charge transport and drastically improved the electrical conductivity of up to 6 orders in magnitude compared with the bare ceramics (H.A). The best performing Ni-containing ceramics (H.A.Ni) show improved oxygen reduction activity in half-cell measurements and for AEMFC delivered an open-circuit voltage of 0.65 V with a maximum power density of ∼10 mW cm −2 . In rechargeable ZAB systems, the H.A.Ni showed excellent battery performance with a specific capacitance of 490 mAh g −1 , maximum power density of 110 mW cm −2 , and excellent discharge/charge cycle stability over 300 cycles. Results indicate that the presence of CNT and intermetallic silicides such as Ni 2 Si and Ni 31 Si 12 tunes the electrical properties and enhances the electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen. Thus, the Ni-containing ceramic material is as an excellent cathode catalyst for AEMFC and rechargeable ZAB applications.

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