We study in a uniform manner the properties of biconservative surfaces in arbitrary Riemannian manifolds. Biconservative surfaces being characterized by the vanishing of the divergence of a symmetric tensor field S2 of type (1, 1), their properties will follow from general properties of a symmetric tensor field of type (1, 1) with free divergence. We find the link between the biconservativity, the property of the shape operator AH to be a Codazzi tensor field, the holomorphicity of a generalized Hopf function and the quality of the surface to have constant mean curvature. Then we determine the Simons type formula for biconservative surfaces and use it to study their geometry.and proved that div S 2 = − τ 2 (ϕ), dϕ . Therefore, if ϕ is biharmonic, then div S 2 = 0 (see [13,14]).One can see that if ϕ : (M m , g) → (N n , h) is a Riemannian immersion then div S 2 = 0 if and only if the tangent part of the bitension field vanishes. A submanifold M is called biconservative if div S 2 = 0.