Surface Water Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in Southwest Virginia

Benham, Brian Leslie; Laird, Megan K.; Ross, B. B.; Vaughan, D. H.; Peek, Danny R.

doi:10.1007/s11270-006-9259-y

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These crop residues protect the soil surface from rainfall impact, impede surface crust formation, and reduce soil erosion (Foster and Meyer, 1977; McGregor et al, 1990; Alberts and Neibling, 1994). Consequently, relative to systems that receive tillage, NT reduces erosion and the loss of pesticides transported primarily by sediment (Afyuni et al, 1997; Basta et al, 1997; Baughman et al, 2001; Benhan et al, 2007; Locke et al, 2008b; Mamo et al, 2006; Meyer et al, 1999; Mutchler and McDowell, 1990; Pantone et al, 1996; Reddy et al, 1994; Yoo et al, 1987; Zeimen et al, 2006; Zhu et al, 1989). Additionally, NT typically improves soil structure, often enhances infiltration rates and amounts, and purportedly reduces the loss of moderately sorbed pesticides (Locke and Bryson, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Tillage and Cover Crop on Water, Sediment, and Pre‐emergence Herbicide Loss in Glyphosate‐Resistant Cotton: Implications for the Control of Glyphosate‐Resistant Weed Biotypes

2009

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The need to control glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]-resistant weed biotypes with tillage and preemergence herbicides in glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs) is causing a reduction in no-tillage hectarage thereby threatening the advances made in water quality over the past decade. Consequently, if environmental gains afforded by GRCs are to be maintained, then an in-field best management practice (BMP) compatible with tillage is required for hectarage infested with glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes. Thus, 1 d after a preemergent application of fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea] (1.02 kg ha(-1)) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] (1.18 kg ha(-1)) to a Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Endoaqualf), simulated rainfall (60 mm h(-1)) was applied to 0.0002-ha microplots for approximately 1.25 h to elucidate tillage (no tillage [NT] and reduced tillage [RT])and cover crop (no cover [NC] and rye cover [RC]) effects on water, sediment, and herbicide loss in surface runoff. Regardless of tillage, RC delayed time-to-runoff 1.3-fold, reduced cumulative runoff volume 1.4-fold, and decreased cumulative sediment loss 4.7-fold. Cumulative fluometuron loss was not affected by tillage or cover crop. Conversely, total metolachlor loss was 1.3-fold lower in NT than RT and 1.4-fold lower in RC than NC. These data indicate that RC can be established in hectarage requiring tillage and potentially curtail water, sediment, and preemergence herbicide losses in the spring to levels equivalent to or better than that of NT, thereby protecting environmental gains provided by GRCs.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Tillage and Cover Crop on Water, Sediment, and Pre‐emergence Herbicide Loss in Glyphosate‐Resistant Cotton: Implications for the Control of Glyphosate‐Resistant Weed Biotypes

2009

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“…Minimum tillage can also have negative effects, and Kay et al (2009) cite the study of Rasmussen (1999), which reported that a build up of organic matter in the top soil layers can lead to an increase in soluble nutrient losses. However, the effects of minimum tillage on soluble nutrient losses are far from clear, and Kay et al also reference the study of Benham et al (2007), where losses of soluble nutrients were reduced as a result of direct drilling, with reductions in losses of 49% for nitrate, and 17% for orthophosphate (soluble reactive P). The impact of minimum tillage on soluble nutrient losses is discussed further in a recent review of pollution swapping .…”

Section: Ensuring a Rough Soil Surface Through Conservation Tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unsurprisingly, in the light of the lack of evidence from the UK, Kay et al draw on examples from outside the UK and from outside Europe (e.g. the results of Benham et al (2007), which were from soils under tobacco cultivation in southwest Virginia). However, extrapolating results from different climatic and agricultural areas to the UK may lead to greater uncertainty in the effectiveness of different measures, and this emphasises the need for further evidence on stewardship options from similar agricultural and climatic environments.…”

Section: Future Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributing understanding of mitigation options for phosphorus and sediment to a review of the efficacy of contemporary agricultural stewardship measures

Deasy

Quinton

Silgram

et al. 2010

Agricultural Systems

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Experiences from the Mitigation Options for Phosphorus and Sediment (MOPS) projects, which aim to determine the effectiveness of measures to reduce pollutant loading from agricultural land to surface waters, have been used to contribute to the findings of a recent paper (Kay et al. 2009, Agricultural Systems, 99, 67-75), which reviewed the efficacy of contemporary agricultural stewardship measures for ameliorating the water pollution problems of key concern to the UK water industry. MOPS1 is a recently completed three-year research project on three different soil types in the UK, which focused on mitigation options for winter cereals. MOPS1 demonstrated that tramlines can be the major pathway for sediment and nutrient transfer from arable hillslopes, and that although minimum tillage, crop residue incorporation, contour cultivation, and beetle banks also have potential to be cost-effective mitigation options, tramline management is the one of the most promising treatments for mitigating diffuse pollution losses, as it was able to reduce sediment and nutrient losses by 72-99% in four out of five site years trialled. Using information from the MOPS projects, this paper builds on the findings of Kay et al. to provide an updated picture of the evidence available and the immediate needs for research in this area.

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“…Besides the popularly known economic importance of tobacco leaves, its seeds contain high percentages of nonedible oil making it an alternative source for biofuel production (Giannelos et al, 2002), and thanks to its high nicotine content, tobacco stalk can be used to produce pesticides (Radojičić et al, 2008). Intensive cultivation of tobacco has been adopted to control weeds and improve yield performance of the crop while preventing soil degradation by wind and/or runoff erosion (Benham et al, 2007). So far, numerous types of tobacco have been defined by different criteria such as natural habitat, intended use, curing method, morphological characteristics, and biochemical properties (Ren and Timko, 2001;Hatami Maleki et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological traits and resistance to Egyptian broomrape weed (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) in tobacco under greenhouse condition

Porkabiri¹,

Sabaghnia²,

Ranjbar³

et al. 2019

Aust J Crop Sci

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Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) is a debilitating holoparasiting weed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields with devastating effects on its production. In this study, the reaction of 26 tobacco genotypes was evaluated against broomrape weed in randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse condition. Tobacco genotypes were planted in both non-inoculated and inoculated conditions where the soil of inoculated pots was mixed with 0.06 g of broomrape seed. The genotype by trait (GT) biplot explained 66% of the total variation of the standardized data and the polygon view of GT presented for 11 traits showed 5 vertex genotypes. Genotype G20 was the best in terms of leaf properties (length, width, number and area), and stem girth while G14 was the best genotype against broomrapes number as well as fresh and dry weight of broomrapes. Genotype G4 was identified for good performance in plant height and fresh weight total while G19 and G26 were best genotypes in terms of total fresh weight. Based on vector view biplot, a strong positive association among leaf properties, number of broomrapes, fresh and dry weight of broomrapes, and among plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of leaf yield were detected. According to ideal genotype biplot, genotype G20 followed by G3, G13 and G24 were the most favourable genotypes regarding all of the measured traits. The plant height, leaf number per plant and stem girth could be considered as effective selection criteria evolving high yielding genotypes. Finally, genotypes G26 and G19 are good candidates for improving most of the measured traits and for obtaining resistance to the Egyptian broomrape.

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Surface Water Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in Southwest Virginia

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions of Tillage and Cover Crop on Water, Sediment, and Pre‐emergence Herbicide Loss in Glyphosate‐Resistant Cotton: Implications for the Control of Glyphosate‐Resistant Weed Biotypes

Interactions of Tillage and Cover Crop on Water, Sediment, and Pre‐emergence Herbicide Loss in Glyphosate‐Resistant Cotton: Implications for the Control of Glyphosate‐Resistant Weed Biotypes

Contributing understanding of mitigation options for phosphorus and sediment to a review of the efficacy of contemporary agricultural stewardship measures

Morphological traits and resistance to Egyptian broomrape weed (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) in tobacco under greenhouse condition

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