Surface, Volumetric, and Wetting Properties of Oleic, Linoleic, and Linolenic Acids with Regards to Application of Canola Oil in Diesel Engines

Zdziennicka, Anna; Jańczuk, Bronisław; Longwic, Rafał; Sander, Przemysław

doi:10.3390/app9173445

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The droplets are then encapsulated by an additional aqueous solution containing varying ethanol and glycerol concentrations at the second junction with a dimension of 50 μm (Figure b) to form W/O/W double emulsions (see Materials and Methods section). The wetting properties and contact angle for oleic acid and water with surface modified PDMS have been systematically studied − and are the basis for the formation of the emulsions in the device presented herein. The distance between the two junctions was extended through incorporating a serpentine channel into the design (100 μm wide, 6.4 cm long).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Stabilized Double Emulsions Generated in Planar Microfluidic Devices

et al. 2020

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Microemulsions have found a wide range of applications exploiting their chemical and physical properties. Development of microfluidic-based approaches has allowed for the controlled production of highly monodispersed emulsions, including the formation of multiple and hierarchical emulsions. Conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic systems require tight spatial control over the surface chemistry when used for double emulsion generation, which can be challenging to achieve on the micrometer scale. Here, we present a twodimensional device design, which can selectively be surface-treated in a straightforward manner and allows for the formation of uniform water/ oil/water double emulsions by combining two distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface properties. These surfaces are sufficiently separated in space to allow for imparting their functionalization without the requirement for lithographic approaches or complex flow control. We demonstrate that a mismatch between the wettability requirements of the continuous phase and the channel wall inherent in this approach can be tolerated over several hundreds of micrometers, opening up the possibility to use simple pressure-driven flows to achieve surface functionalization. The design architecture exhibits robust efficiency in emulsion generation while retaining simple device fabrication. We finally demonstrate the potential of this approach by generating water in oil in water emulsions with lipid molecules acting as surfactants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Stabilized Double Emulsions Generated in Planar Microfluidic Devices

et al. 2020

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“…In this area, research on Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is popular in many countries [15,24,25], as well as biogas [20], natural gas [26,27], Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) [28][29][30] and Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) [31,32]. Interesting studies have been presented on alternative fuels to diesel, as well as mixtures of both, inter alia, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In the wake of this scenario, a more reliable alternative fuel that can be used alone or along with conventional fuels in existing IC engines, with little to no modification, is required [1,40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil–Biobutanol Fuel Blends and Diesel Fuel on a CI Engine

et al. 2022

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This article is a study of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Butanol Fuel blends, which are mixed in three different proportions (HVOB5, HVOB10 and HVOB20), and the comparison of their combustion (in-cylinder pressure, pressure rise and ROHR), performance (fuel consumption, BSFC and BTE) and emission (CO2, NOX, HC and Smoke) characteristics with those of fossil diesel fuel. In the wake of finding an alternative fuel that requires little to zero modifications to the existing IC engines, it is necessary to account for the necessity of matching the efficiency of conventional fuels as well as greatly reducing its exhaust emissions. As a result of transesterification, HVO is found to have better stability and higher CN compared to other biofuels. It is termed a “renewable diesel” due to its ability to reduce emissions while maintaining efficiency. HVO as a fuel has higher cost efficiency, and for a more stable oxygen content in the fuel, an alcohol substitute is needed. Butanol, which has a considerable advantage over other alcohols due to its higher density, viscosity and CN, is selected. HVOB5 and HVOB10 are found to match diesel fuel in terms of fuel consumption while having a ~1% lesser efficiency. In terms of emissions, all the fuel mixtures including HVO100 are found to have ~4–5% lesser CO2, ~10–15% lesser NOX and a ~25–45% reduction in smoke levels.

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“…Taking this into account a series of engine tests in static and dynamic conditions, during which the diesel engine was powered with mixtures of canola oil with the addition of n-hexane were made [21][22][23]. Despite the fact that the addition of n-hexane to canola oil decreased the surface tension, slightly changed the density, and significantly decreased the viscosity of the mixtures, the values for diesel fuel were not obtained [24,25]. An analysis of the subject literature showed that the addition of ethanol to the above-mentioned mixtures may bring the physicochemical properties of canola oil closer to diesel fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Canola Oil Physicochemical Properties by Hexane and Ethanol with Regards of Its Application in Diesel Engine

et al. 2021

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A mixture of canola oil (Co), n-hexane (Hex), and ethyl alcohol (Et) was proposed as a new energy material for powering diesel engines. For this purpose, surface tension, density, and viscosity measurements, as well as engine tests, were performed for 88%Co10%Hex2%Et and 83%Co15%Hex2%Et mixtures at 20 °C. The adsorption and volumetric properties of these mixtures were compared to those of individual mixture components, as well as diesel fuel (Df) and oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids. It was revealed that the values of surface tension, viscosity, and density of Co were higher than those of the Co components. The addition of 10% Hex and 2% Et to Co caused a more than twofold decrease in its viscosity, while the addition of 15% Hex and 2% Et caused a more than fourfold reduction of Co viscosity. In addition, a mixture of Co with 2% Et and 10% Hex had a density similar to that of Df. In turn, theoretical calculations showed that the addition of n-hexane and ethanol to canola oil only slightly changed its heat of combustion. Engine tests were carried out at fixed engine rotational speeds, with a direct gearbox ratio (4th gear). The quick-changing parameters of the combustion process were registered using an AVL Indimicro system. In these tests it was found that the addition of Et to the mixture of Co and Hex did not significantly shorten the auto-ignition delay, but the kinetic phase during combustion disappeared, which had an impact on the combustion start angle.

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Surface, Volumetric, and Wetting Properties of Oleic, Linoleic, and Linolenic Acids with Regards to Application of Canola Oil in Diesel Engines

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Lipid-Stabilized Double Emulsions Generated in Planar Microfluidic Devices

Lipid-Stabilized Double Emulsions Generated in Planar Microfluidic Devices

Comparative Study of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil–Biobutanol Fuel Blends and Diesel Fuel on a CI Engine

Modification of Canola Oil Physicochemical Properties by Hexane and Ethanol with Regards of Its Application in Diesel Engine

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