Surface treatments of Li1+xMn2−xO4 spinels for improved elevated temperature performance

Amatucci, Glenn G.; Blyr, A.; Sigala, Catherine; Alfonse, P; Tarascon, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00407-4

Cited by 223 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…XPS spectra (Fig. 8) In the case of using LiPF 6 as the electrolyte salt, LiPF 6 can easily react with water, which unavoidably exists in a very low concentration (ppm) in the electrolyte, as shown in the following reaction equations 35,36 LiPF 6 salt itself also undergoes decomposition during reduction in the charge/discharge cycles, the reactions are as follows LiPF 6 → LiF + PF 5 [5]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

Lei

Wu²,

Luo

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 has become an alternative material to replace graphite anodes in terms of solving safety issues and improving battery life-time. Unfortunately, as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is an insulator, the low electrical conductivity becomes a major drawback, as it is unfavorable to higher rate capability. In addition to the low electronic conductivity, severe gassing during charge/discharge cycles is a critical but often-overlooked problem of Li 4 ExperimentalMaterials synthesis.-Anatase TiO 2 (220 nm in average particle diameter and 99.5% in purity, Hangzhou Wanjing New Material Co., Ltd) and Li 2 CO 3 (99.9% in purity, Shanghai China Lithium Industrial Co., Ltd.) were used as raw materials. The starting coarse Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was prepared by a solid-state reaction method as described in a previous work. 26,27 The stoichiometric amounts of Li 2 CO 3 and anatase TiO 2 with molar ratio of Li: Ti = 0.82:1 were mixed with ethanol as dispersant by planetary ballmilling. The ball-milled mixture was heated in a furnace at 800• C in air for 18 h to obtain the coarse materials were first ball-milled without a carbon source and with 5 wt% pitch as a carbon source using water as a dispersant for 1.5 h, respectively. The resultant slurry was then spray dried to obtain the precursors individually. Finally, two precursors were all annealed at 650• C for 6 h in an Ar atmosphere to obtain the final materials.Characterization.-X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples were recorded on a Rigaku diffractometer using Cu Kα irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained on a Nova NanoSEM 430 and Tecnai F20.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 On the other hand, deposited manganese can effectively catalyze the electrolyte decomposition, which in turn leads to more Mn deposition and gassing. 35,36 This means Mn depositon and electrolyte decomposition (gassing) are highly interrelated and mutually reinforcing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

Lei

Wu²,

Luo

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…These features, especially, along with their low cost and environmental benignity, render them an attractive substitute for lead-acid batteries in battery-operated motor or EV. However, LiMn 2 O 4 based battery suffers from poor cyclic capability, especially at elevated temperatures (above 55 • C) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This drawback is mainly related to continuous growth of cell impedance and Mn dissolution caused by the harmful components (LiF and HF) from the decomposing reaction of the LiPF 6 salt at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of strategies have been taken to improve cycling capability of LiMn 2 O 4 based electrodes such as doping [4][5][6][7], surface coating [8][9][10][11][12][13] and functional additives in the electrolyte [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19] at elevated temperatures [20,21]. Ionic liquid-based electrolyte and single-ion-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes are also very promising candidates to solve the LiMn 2 O 4 cycling problems [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-ion gel polymer electrolyte system for improving cycle performance of LiMn2O4 battery at elevated temperatures

Qin

Liu

Ding

et al. 2014

Electrochimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tThe LiMn 2 O 4 based lithium batteries using commercially available electrolytes suffer from poor cycling performance at elevated temperatures (above 55• C). This is mainly caused by the Mn dissolution generated from HF thermally decomposed from the LiPF 6 salt at elevated temperatures. In this paper, a single-ion gel polymer electrolyte (polymeric lithium tartaric acid borate @ poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) was explored for improving the cycling performance of the LiMn 2 O 4 based lithium battery at elevated temperatures owing to superior thermal stability and comparable ionic conductivity. It was manifested that the Li/LiMn 2 O 4 cells using this single-ion gel polymer electrolyte showed stable charge/discharge voltage profiles, preferable rate capability and excellent cycling performance both at room temperature and elevated temperature of 55• C. The dissolution of metallic Mn in this electrolyte is significantly suppressed than that of LiPF 6 electrolyte. These superior performances could endow this single-ion gel polymer electrolyte a promising alternative to the conventional liquid electrolyte system in the LiMn 2 O 4 battery at elevated temperatures.

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“…However, the electrochemical properties of simply doped LiMn2O4 materials have not been improved at elevated temperature under repeated charge-discharge conditions due probably to the direct contact of Mn with the electrolyte. Recently, to remedy this drawback, the surface modifications of LiMn2O4 using Li2O2․B2O3, 12 MgO, 13 LiCo-O2, 14 ZnO, 15,16 CeO2, 17 carbon, 18 or conductive polymer 19 have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Surface Modified LiMn₂O₄by Li-Fe Composites for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

Shi¹,

Liang³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The surface modified LiMn2O4 materials with Li-Fe composites were prepared by a sol-gel method to improve the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-EDS. XRD results indicate that all the samples (modified and pristine samples) have cubic spinel structures, and XRD, XPS, and TEM-EDS data reveal the formation of Li(LixFexMn2-2x)O4 solid solution on the surface of particles. For the electrochemical properties, the modified material demonstrated dramatically enhanced reversibility and stability even at elevated temperature. These improvements are attributed to the formation of the solid solution, and thus-formed solid solution phase on the surface of LiMn2O4 particle reduces the dissolution of Mn ion and suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect.

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Surface treatments of Li1+xMn2−xO4 spinels for improved elevated temperature performance

Cited by 223 publications

References 8 publications

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

A single-ion gel polymer electrolyte system for improving cycle performance of LiMn2O4 battery at elevated temperatures

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Surface Modified LiMn₂O₄by Li-Fe Composites for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

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Surface treatments of Li1+xMn2−xO4 spinels for improved elevated temperature performance

Cited by 223 publications

References 8 publications

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li4Ti5O12/C Microspheres

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li4Ti5O12/C Microspheres

A single-ion gel polymer electrolyte system for improving cycle performance of LiMn2O4 battery at elevated temperatures

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Surface Modified LiMn2O4by Li-Fe Composites for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

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Product

Resources

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Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

Dual Functions of Carbon in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C Microspheres

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Surface Modified LiMn₂O₄by Li-Fe Composites for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries