Surface TLR2 and TLR4 Expression on Mature Rat Mast Cells Can Be Affected by Some Bacterial Components and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Pietrzak, Anna; Wierzbicki, Maciej; Wiktorska, Magdalena; Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk, Ewa

doi:10.1155/2011/427473

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Only TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 proteins were found in mast cells from isolated human nasal polyps [22], murine peritoneal cavity [38], and FSMC [30]. Our previous studies have shown that freshly isolated rat peritoneal mast cells express both surface TLR2 and TLR4 molecules [20, 39], as well as TLR3 and TLR7 surface proteins [40, 41]. In this study we evaluated the expression of TLR receptors in native fully mature rat mast cells freshly isolated from the peritoneal cavity, that is connective tissue type mast cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells

Agier¹,

Żelechowska²,

Kozłowska³

et al. 2016

cejoi

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Nowadays, more and more data indicate that mast cells play an important role in host defense against pathogens. That is why it is essential to understand the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by mast cells, because these molecules play particularly significant role in initiation host defense against microorganisms as they recognize both wide range of microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released in response to infection. Therefore, we examined the constitutive expression of both surface and endosomal TLRs in rat native fully mature tissue mast cells. By the use of qRT-PCR we found that these cells express mRNAs for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9. The expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 transcripts were low and comparable and only the expression of TLR2 transcript was significant. By the use of flow cytometry technique, we clearly documented that mast cells express TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 on cell surface, while TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 proteins are located both on the cell membrane and intracellularly. The highest expression was observed for TLR5 and the lowest for surface TLR7. These observations undoubtedly indicate that mature tissue mast cells have a broad set of TLR molecules, thus can recognize and bind bacterial, viral, and fungal PAMPs as well as various endogenous molecules generated in response to infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mast cells were prepared with purity > 98%, as determined by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue. The viability of mast cells was over 98%, as estimated by trypan blue exclusion assay [20]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells

Agier¹,

Żelechowska²,

Kozłowska³

et al. 2016

cejoi

Self Cite

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“…The Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a major class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, are molecules associated with groups of pathogens recognized by innate immune system cells. Ligand engagement of mast cell surface TLR2/TLR4 triggers cytokine release which recruits immune cells to the sites of injury; microglia recruitment depends on signaling pathways involving TLR2/ TLR4 [35]. Mast cell activation up-regulates chemokine expression, including CCL5/RANTES; the latter are capable of inducing a pro-inflammatory response in microglia.…”

Section: Glia and Mast Cells: The Dynamic Duo Of Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Palmitoylethanolamine and Neuroinflammation: a Novel Therapeutic Strategy of Resolution

et al. 2015

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Inflammation is fundamentally a protective cellular response aimed at removing injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process. However, when prolonged, it can override the bounds of physiological control and becomes destructive. Inflammation is a key element in the pathobiology of chronic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, spinal cord injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Glia, key players in such nervous system disorders, are not only capable of expressing a pro-inflammatory phenotype but respond also to inflammatory signals released from cells of immune origin such as mast cells. Chronic inflammatory processes may be counteracted by a program of resolution that includes the production of lipid mediators endowed with the capacity to switch off inflammation. These naturally occurring lipid signaling molecules include the N-acylethanolamines, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (an endocannabinoid), and its congener N-palmitoylethanolamine (palmitoylethanolamide or PEA). PEA may play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis when faced with external stressors provoking, for example, inflammation. PEA is efficacious in mast cell-mediated models of neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic pain and is neuroprotective in models of stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson disease. PEA in micronized/ultramicronized form shows superior oral efficacy in inflammatory pain models when compared to naïve PEA. Intriguingly, while PEA has no antioxidant effects per se, its co-ultramicronization with the flavonoid luteolin is more efficacious than either molecule alone. Inhibiting or modulating the enzymatic breakdown of PEA represents a complementary therapeutic approach to treat neuroinflammation. This review is intended to discuss the role of mast cells and glia in neuroinflammation and strategies to modulate their activation based on leveraging natural mechanisms with the capacity for self-defense against inflammation.

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“…In our experiments we mimicked acute inflammatory conditions by adding substance P, an inflammatory neuropeptide; PGN, the infective component of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus; and anti-rat DNP IgE followed by DNP-HSA as an allergic stimulus to compare potential aging-associated differences in mast cell activation in response to acute inflammation. Substance P, peptidoglycan, and IgE are associated with inflammatory, infective, and allergic reactions and are also known to activate mast cells (6,10,11,31,32,34,47,50,58,74). Compound 48/80, a chemical activator of mast cells (30,64,73), was used as a positive control, and physiological salt solution (PSS) was used as a negative control (sham) for these studies.…”

Section: Animals and Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-associated shifts in functional status of mast cells located by adult and aged mesenteric lymphatic vessels

Chatterjee

Gashev

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

107

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We had previously proposed the presence of permanent stimulatory influences in the tissue microenvironment surrounding the aged mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLV), which influence aged lymphatic function. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical labeling of proteins known to be present in mast cells (mast cell tryptase, c-kit, prostaglandin D(2) synthase, histidine decarboxylase, histamine, transmembrane protein 16A, and TNF-α) with double verification of mast cells in the same segment of rat mesentery containing MLV by labeling with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated avidin followed by toluidine blue staining. Additionally, we evaluated the aging-associated changes in the number of mast cells located by MLV and in their functional status by inducing mast cell activation by various activators (substance P; anti-rat DNP Immunoglobulin E; peptidoglycan from Staphyloccus aureus and compound 48/80) in the presence of ruthenium red followed by subsequent staining by toluidine blue. We found that there was a 27% aging-associated increase in the total number of mast cells, with an ∼400% increase in the number of activated mast cells in aged mesenteric tissue in resting conditions with diminished ability of mast cells to be newly activated in the presence of inflammatory or chemical stimuli. We conclude that higher degree of preactivation of mast cells in aged mesenteric tissue is important for development of aging-associated impairment of function of mesenteric lymphatic vessels. The limited number of intact aged mast cells located close to the mesenteric lymphatic compartments to react to the presence of acute stimuli may be considered contributory to the aging-associated deteriorations in immune response.

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Surface TLR2 and TLR4 Expression on Mature Rat Mast Cells Can Be Affected by Some Bacterial Components and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Cited by 46 publications

References 57 publications

Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells

Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells

N-Palmitoylethanolamine and Neuroinflammation: a Novel Therapeutic Strategy of Resolution

Aging-associated shifts in functional status of mast cells located by adult and aged mesenteric lymphatic vessels

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