Surface thermal oxidation on titanium implants to enhance osteogenic activity and in vivo osseointegration

Abstract

Thermal oxidation, which serves as a low-cost, effective and relatively simple/facile method, was used to modify a micro-structured titanium surface in ambient atmosphere at 450 °C for different time periods to improve in vitro and in vivo bioactivity. The surface morphology, crystallinity of the surface layers, chemical composition and chemical states were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell behaviours including cell adhesion, attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were observed in vitro study. The ability of the titanium surface to promote osseointegration was evaluated in an in vivo animal model. Surface thermal oxidation on titanium implants maintained the microstructure and, thus, both slightly changed the nanoscale structure of titanium and enhanced the crystallinity of the titanium surface layer. Cells cultured on the three oxidized titanium surfaces grew well and exhibited better osteogenic activity than did the control samples. The in vivo bone-implant contact also showed enhanced osseointegration after several hours of oxidization. This heat-treated titanium enhanced the osteogenic differentiation activity of rBMMSCs and improved osseointegration in vivo, suggesting that surface thermal oxidation could potentially be used in clinical applications to improve bone-implant integration.

Valence State Manipulation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on a Titanium Surface for Modulating Cell Fate and Bone Formation

“…In addition, the high resolution XPS spectra of Ti2p core levels from the various samples were fitted in Figure 1n–q. The doublet peak at 458.8 eV and 464.4 eV belongs to the Ti2p 3/2 and Ti2p 1/2 in TiO 2 , respectively 30. This indicates that the TiO 2 remained on titanium substrate after depositing cerium oxides.…”

“…The X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns (Figure 1e) and the diffraction peaks of the titanium substrate revealed a diffraction peak for the CeO 2 (111) facet 21. In addition, a peak of TiO 2 emerged due to the crystallization of a natural oxide layer on the titanium surface 30. Therefore, these nanoparticles had the characteristics of CeO 2 nanoparticles.…”

Influence of Isothermal Oxidation on Corrosion Resistance of Titanium in Bovine Serum

“…The presence of spontaneous oxide film on the titanium surface is believed to be responsible for the nature of excellent corrosion resistance [5]. This passive oxide layer which makes them having a high biocompatibility [6], [7]. However, they have the limitation as very poor wear resistance due to the high and fickle friction coefficient [8].…”

“…Thermal oxidation treatment has been used as one of the popular methods for the surface treating of titanium material [7], [11], [12]. Due to this treatment produces a combination of a good of surface properties and enhance the biocompatibility of titanium [7], [13]. Khan et al [14] stated that protein in the body fluid affects the corrosion behavior of the metals.…”

“…This has been stimulating the research on titanium surface modification to improve the wear and corrosion resistance. Thermal oxidation treatment has been used as one of the popular methods for the surface treating of titanium material [7], [11], [12]. Due to this treatment produces a combination of a good of surface properties and enhance the biocompatibility of titanium [7], [13].…”