Surface Tension of High Temperature Liquids Evaluation with a Thermal Imaging Furnace

Wu, Mengfei; Caldwell, Andrew H.; Allanore, Antoine

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06143-2_4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The use of the pendant droplet technique in a modified thermal imaging furnace (TX-12000-I-MIT-VPO-PC, Crystal Systems Corp.) to carry out electrochemical measurements has been described before [17,19,20]. Briefly, at the beginning of each experiment, a cylindrical sample was suspended from the upper furnace shaft inside a quartz tube (Technical Glass Products Inc.).…”

Section: Furnace Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviour of titanium-bearing slag relevant for molten oxide electrolysis

Martin-Treceno

Weaver

Allanore

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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A containerless approach was used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of TiO 2 -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO -CaO slags in their molten state. Iridium was used in a three-electrode configuration to perform a combination of electrochemical techniques inside a modified thermal imaging furnace. The real-time visualisation during experimentation and the post-mortem microscopy analysis confirmed the direct production of an Ir−Ti−Si alloy and the evolution of oxygen during electrolysis. Thermodynamic properties of the slag were predicted with FactSage and were consistent with experiment. The results justify the use of this method to better characterize the potential of these systems as a secondary source of materials.

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Section: Furnace Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviour of titanium-bearing slag relevant for molten oxide electrolysis

Martin-Treceno

Weaver

Allanore

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Pictures from camera recordings along with pixel size are used to calculate the equivalent volume of liquid, following a method detailed in reference 46 . Four pictures per sample are analyzed to average the volume and minimize the possible departure from axi-symmetry.…”

Section: Density Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3

Boury

Allanore

2021

Preprint

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The high temperature thermodynamic properties of chalcogenides materials based on BaS remain elusive, and herein the La2S3 pseudo binary system is investigated above 1573 K. The liquid properties of BaS-La2S3 are measured by means of high resolution in-situ visualization coupled with thermal arrest measurements in a thermal imaging furnace. This enables to report for the first observation of such melts in a containerless setting. The melting points of BaS and La2S3 are revisited at 2454 K and 2004 K respectively. La2S3 demonstrates a high stability in its liquid state, in strike difference with the sublimation observed for BaS. BaS is however partially stabilized with the addition of few percents of La2S3.The remarkable chemical and thermal stability of La2S3-rich samples, contrasts with the partial decomposition and high vapor pressure observed for BaS-rich samples. Observations and analysis of the solidified samples suggests three different solid solutions. Solid and liquid densities are investigated along the different compositions, supporting a first estimate of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for La2S3.

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“…Therefore, the surface tension value is hampered by the modification of its composition. With a global uncertainty around ± 1 %, the quasi-containerless pendant drop [3] helps preventing this pollution but cannot permit to reach high temperatures, the drop being attached to the cold rod of the same material. The most used method for surface tension measurement is the oscillating drop associated with containerless methods such as the free-fall drop or multiple levitation methods (electromagnetic, electrostatic, aerodynamic, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface tension of liquid Fe, Nb and 304L SS and effect of drop mass in aerodynamic levitation

et al. 2022

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The oscillating drop method has been widely used for surface tension measurements of liquids at high temperatures such as molten metals. An experimental device that permits such measurements has been developed at IRDL. This device relies on aerodynamic levitation for the sample to be contactless and on acoustic excitation to make it oscillate at its resonance frequency, which is related to the surface tension with Rayleigh's equation. Beforehand, experimentally, a lateral gas jet blows and controls the rotation of the drop due to its unpredictable behavior. Moreover, the effect of drop mass, usually studied for electromagnetic levitation, remains unknown for aerodynamic levitation. To fill this knowledge gap, levitated drops of different masses were numerically modelled to observe the influence of gravity or additional oscillation modes. It resulted that for light mass drops, such as those used for our surface tension measurement, it is not significant. Finally, our results on iron, niobium, and 304L stainless steel have been compared with literature. For pure metals, we observed a similar decreasing behavior versus temperature. For steel, results highlighted the impact of experimental parameters on the surface tension (length of experiments and composition of the atmosphere). These measurements thus provide original results that will be useful for the numerical modeling of innovative industrial processes such as additive manufacturing or welding.

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Surface Tension of High Temperature Liquids Evaluation with a Thermal Imaging Furnace

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Electrochemical behaviour of titanium-bearing slag relevant for molten oxide electrolysis

Electrochemical behaviour of titanium-bearing slag relevant for molten oxide electrolysis

Liquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3

Surface tension of liquid Fe, Nb and 304L SS and effect of drop mass in aerodynamic levitation

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