Surface tension measurement of liquid metal with inelastic light-scattering spectroscopy of a thermally excited capillary wave

Minami, Yasuo

doi:10.1007/s00340-014-5915-x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Kelvin relation (e.g. [38]) describes the surface tension based on the wave frequency, wavelength and material density [39] and is applicable for all temperatures of liquid metals [40]. The underlying assumptions, namely assuming small values of disturbance and the constancy of surface tension over the oscillating surface, allow the elimination of the nonlinear term from the Navier-Stokes equation to justify the use of the Kelvin equation [38].…”

Section: Surface Waves and Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface tension of metals at high temperatures

Volpp

2023

Preprint

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Surface tension is a material property that is needed to describe fluid behaviour, which impacts industrial processes, in which molten material is created, such as thermal cutting, welding and Additive Manufacturing. In particular when using metals, the material properties at high temperatures are often not known. This is partly because of limited possibilities to measure those properties, limitations of temperature measurement methods and a lack of theoretical models that describe the circumstances at such high temperatures sufficiently. When using beam heat sources, such as a laser beam, temperatures far above the melting temperature are reached. Therefore, it is mandatory to know the material properties at such high temperatures in order to describe the material behaviour in models and gain understanding of the occurring effects. Therefore, in this work, an experimental surface wave evaluation method is suggested in combination with thermal measurements in order to derive surface tension values of steel at higher temperatures than reported in literature. The evaluation of gravity-capillary waves in high-speed video recordings show a steeper decrease of surface tension values than the extrapolation of literature values would predict, while the surface tension values seem not to decrease further above boiling temperature. Using a simplified molecular dynamic model based on pair correlation, a similar tendency of surface values was observed, which indicates that the surface tension is an effect requiring at least two atomic layers. The observed and calculated decreasing trend of the surface tension indicates an exponential relation between surface tension and temperature.

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Section: Surface Waves and Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45]). In order to resolve such small waves, light scattering was used to measure wave frequencies and propagation wavelengths to be used in the dispersion relations [40].…”

Section: Surface Wave Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface tension of metals at high temperatures

Volpp

2023

Preprint

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“…Currently, sonar remains the main technology for underwater sound field detection, but the detection coverage is limited by low-speed movement of vehicles. Researchers have therefore been highly interested in laser-based WSAW detection techniques [3,4]. One of the earliest studies with this regard was reported in the paper of Lee M. S. [5], which illustrated the mechanism of WSAWs stemming from underwater acoustic signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demodulation Technique Based on Laser Interference for Weak Photo-Acoustic Signals on Water Surface

2018

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To detect underwater sound-generating targets, a water surface acoustic wave laser interference and signal demodulation technique is proposed in this paper. The underlying principle of this technique involves casting a laser beam onto the water surface disturbed by an underwater acoustic source and creating interference between lights reflected by the surface and reference lights. A data acquisition and processing system was employed to obtain water surface acoustic wave information from the interference signals by means of demodulation, thus allowing detection of the underwater target. For the purpose of this study, an interference detection platform was set up in an optical dark chamber. High-frequency water surface fluctuations were introduced in the reference optical path as the phase generated carriers to create laser interference signals in two different paths, which received demodulation based on an improved arc tangent demodulation algorithm and characteristic ratio algorithm, respectively, in view of their different frequencies. Water surface wave information was then derived from such low-frequency and high-frequency signals. According to test results, in the frequency range of 200 Hz–10 kHz, the frequency detection accuracy was better than 1 Hz. The amplitude measurements exhibited high repeatability, with a standard deviation lower than 2.5 nm. The theory proposed in this paper is therefore experimentally verified with good results.

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