Surface Tension and Viscosity of Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids

A critical synthesis of thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids

“…Studies on surface tension of nanofluids are limited in the literature [92][93][94][95][96]. Golubovic et al [92] showed experimentally that the surface tension of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid does not change for concentrations of nanoparticles considered in their work (0-0.01 g/l) and the surface tension is approximately equal to surface tension of pure water at T = 24°C.…”

“…deionized water). Similarly, Zhu et al [96] showed that the surface tension of nanofluids was highly dependent on the temperature. One can note from the above that as expected temperature plays a significant role on the surface tension of nanofluids.…”

Measurements of the surface tension of nanofluids and development of a new correlation

“…The critical heat flux was found to be nearly four times for a surfactant to CNT ratio of 1:5 in the nanofluid, which showed a strong influence of surfactant. Zhu et al [22] measured the surface tension of Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid using the maximum bubble pressure method. Their results showed that the surface tension of nanofluid was dependent on the temperature and the concentration.…”

“…(22). g nf ð4%SiO 2 ; 20nmÞ ¼ À0:16T þ 57:266 with R 2 ¼ 0:997 (22) T is in C and the Eq. (22) is valid in the range 30 C T 70 C. Fig.…”

Effect of volume concentration and temperature on viscosity and surface tension of graphene–water nanofluid for heat transfer applications

“…The results showed that the viscosity enhancement of c-Al 2 O 3 and a-Al 2 O 3 was found to be 36 and 38 %, respectively, at 25°C. Zhu et al [29] measured the viscosity and surface tension of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids with very low concentrations of nanoparticles (0-1 g/l). No obvious change has been observed in the value of the viscosity due to the addition of nanoparticles, and a maximum enhancement of about 5 % for surface tension was obtained at a concentration of 1 g/l at 21°C.…”