Surface Temperature Multiscale Monitoring by Thermal Infrared Satellite and Ground Images at Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area (Italy)

Abstract

Land Surface Temperature (LST) from satellite data is a key component in many aspects of environmental research. In volcanic areas, LST is used to detect ground thermal anomalies providing a supplementary tool to monitor the activity status of a particular volcano. In this work, we describe a procedure aimed at identifying spatial thermal anomalies in thermal infrared (TIR) satellite frames which are corrected for the seasonal influence by using TIR images from ground stations. The procedure was applied to the volcanic area of Campi Flegrei (Italy) using TIR ASTER and Landsat 8 satellite imagery and TIR ground images acquired from the Thermal Infrared volcanic surveillance Network (TIRNet) (INGV, Osservatorio Vesuviano). The continuous TIRNet time-series images were processed to evaluate the seasonal component which was used to correct the surface temperatures estimated by the satellite’s discrete data. The results showed a good correspondence between de-seasoned time series of surface ground temperatures and satellite temperatures. The seasonal correction of satellite surface temperatures allows monitoring of the surface thermal field to be extended to all the satellite frames, covering a wide portion of Campi Flegrei volcanic area.

A Google Earth Engine Tool to Investigate, Map and Monitor Volcanic Thermal Anomalies at Global Scale by Means of Mid-High Spatial Resolution Satellite Data

“…Despite the FNR higher than other areas, such as Suwanoseijima (Japan) where the FNR from L8-OLI data was estimated around 13%, the occurrence of some lava effusions inside the OL crater (e.g., [68]) indicates that events of natrocarbonatite lava, having temperatures in between 500 °C and 600 °C Despite the FNR higher than other areas, such as Suwanoseijima (Japan) where the FNR from L8-OLI data was estimated around 13%, the occurrence of some lava effusions inside the OL crater (e.g., [68]) indicates that events of natrocarbonatite lava, having temperatures in between 500 • C and 600 • C (e.g., [69]), may be detected/assessed by the tool. On the other hand, different satellite-based systems (e.g., those using TIR data) need to be used to identify low-temperature thermal anomalies, as for Campi Flegrei, where fumaroles reach temperatures up to 160 • C-165 • C (e.g., [61,70]).…”

First Comparisons of Surface Temperature Estimations between ECOSTRESS, ASTER and Landsat 8 over Italian Volcanic and Geothermal Areas

“…The Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm has been considered for ASTER and estimates surface temperature and spectral emissivity images for multi and hyperspectral satellite images [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] using at least three thermal bands; for this reason, this methodology is typically used for ASTER and can be suitable also for ECOSTRESS, as both have five TIR channels in the same spectral range.…”

“…The TES method cannot be applied to TIRS-L8 thermal data due to the presence of only two bands in the TIR range; thus, for this analysis, we have used a single-channel methodology which was already tested in [2,24] for retrieving LST. For TIRS-L8 data, the effects of surface emissivity are corrected using the ASTER 05 Emissivity product.…”

Tracking the Endogenous Dynamics of the Solfatara Volcano (Campi Flegrei, Italy) through the Analysis of Ground Thermal Image Temperatures

“…All the time-series are pre-processed, i.e., de-seasonalized (correction for annual periodicity, i.e., 365 d) and corrected for tidal constituents (Mf lunisolar fortnightly, 1366 days; Msf lunisolar synodic fortnightly, 1476 days; Mm lunar monthly, 2755 days; Msm solar monthly, 3181 days; Ssa solar semiannual, 18,263 days; Sa solar annual, 36,526 days) according to the procedure described in [14,15,44].…”

“…The surface thermal behavior of Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc; Southern Italy) has been monitored using different thermal infrared (TIR) devices: satellite thermal sensors [11], ground-based TIR permanent network (TIRnet) [12][13][14][15] and handheld TIR cameras [16]. The relative studies are mainly devoted to analyzing the thermal observables at a local scale, inside the caldera.…”