Surface studies on multicomponent polymer systems by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) homopolymer blends

Thomas, H. R.; O’Malley, James J.

doi:10.1021/ma50006a033

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…With this technique it is possible to resolve structural components, such as different domains in polymeric materials [10]. The application of XPS can provide detailed information about the topography and composition in the top layer of a few nm of the surface [8,[11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparin-containing block copolymers

Vulić

Pijpers

Okano³

et al. 1993

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Newly synthesized heparin-containing block copolymers, consisting of a hydrophobic block of polystyrene (PS), a hydrophilic spacer-block of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and covalently bound heparin (Hep) as bioactive block, were coated on aluminium, glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), PS or Biomer substrates. Surfaces of coated materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (XPS), It was demonstrated by TEM that thin films of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers consisted of heterogeneous microphase separated structures. Using sessile-drop and Wilhelmy plate dynamic contact angle measurements, insight was provided into the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of the coatings. Measurements with hydrated coatings of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers revealed that the surfaces became more hydrophilic during immersion in water, due to relaxation/reorientation, or swelling of PEO or PEO-Hep domains, respectively. XPS results for PS, PEO, heparin and PS-PEO as powder agreed well with qualitative and quantitative predictions. XPS results for films of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers showed enrichments of PEO in the top layers of the coatings. This effect was more pronounced for hydrated surfaces. Only small amounts of heparin were detected at the surface of coatings of PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparin-containing block copolymers

Vulić

Pijpers

Okano³

et al. 1993

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…We judge that the COC peak at 288.1 eV depends on the HFA group in P(VDF-HFA). On the other hand, in bottom of P(2EHA-AA-VAc)/P(VDF-HFA) (10/90) blend, CF 3 and CF 2 peaks on XPS spectrum of C 18 couldn't be detected. In this (10/90) blend, it was presumed that the P(VDF-HFA) component and P(2EHA-AAVAc) component are segregated at the top to a few nm depth of surface side and bottom side, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The surfaces of these materials exhibit characteristic surface properties, such as adhesion, water repellent and lubrication. The depth of a few nm from the surface on sample can be detected by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3 secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),4 ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), 5 neutron reflectivity (NR) 6 and forward recoil spectrometry. 7 On the other hand, it is well known that attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 8 can determine a depth of 0.5 3 µm from the surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Profiling of Acrylate Copolymer/Fluoro-Copolymer Immiscible Blends

Kano

Akiyama

Kasemura

et al. 1995

Polym J

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“…In immiscible binary homopolymer blends, for example, the surface behavior is generally dominated by adsorption of the lower surface energy component. 4,5 This phenomena also occurs for many *blend additives. 6 Since equilibrium bulk thermodynamics favor complete demixing of the two homopolymers, the "equilibrium" surface should be occupied exclusively by the constituent of lower surface energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…4 6 In applying the theory, we assume that polystyrene is the solvent. In the case of polymer blends, 4 (ca. -1 x 10-4i), and we assume the mixture to be athermal (i.e., X = 0).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%