Surface structure of the liquid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Au</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>72</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>28</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>eutectic phase: X-ray reflectivity

Pershan, Peter S.; Stoltz, S. E.; Mechler, S.; Shpyrko, Oleg; Grigoriev, Alexei; Balagurusamy, Venkat; Lin, Binhua; Meron, Mati

doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.125414

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This is manifested in the form of atomic layering normal to the surface that decays within a few atomic distances into the bulk liquid, as was theoretically predicted by D'Evelyn and Rice [1]. Layering was found experimentally in elemental metallic liquids such as, e.g., Ga [2], In [3], Sn, and Bi [4], as well as in liquid alloys such as, e.g., eutectic Bi-Sn [5] and Au-Ge [6]. The atomic arrangement within the topmost layer of most of these liquids is nearly as well defined along the surface normal as those at the surface of crystals.…”

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confidence: 87%

Self-Consistent Interpretation of the 2D Structure of the LiquidAu82Si18Surface: Bending Rigidity and the Debye-Waller Effect

et al. 2010

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The structural and mechanical properties of 2D crystalline surface phases that form at the surface of liquid eutectic Au82Si18 are studied using synchrotron x-ray scattering over a large temperature range. In the vicinity of the eutectic temperature the surface consists of a 2D atomic bilayer crystalline phase that transforms into a 2D monolayer crystalline phase during heating. The latter phase eventually melts into a liquidlike surface on further heating. We demonstrate that the short wavelength capillary wave fluctuations are suppressed due to the bending rigidity of 2D crystalline phases. The corresponding reduction in the Debye-Waller factor allows for measured reflectivity to be explained in terms of an electron density profile that is consistent with the 2D surface crystals.

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Self-Consistent Interpretation of the 2D Structure of the LiquidAu82Si18Surface: Bending Rigidity and the Debye-Waller Effect

et al. 2010

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“…Aside from the surface freezing effect that was observed by Rice 23 There is one difference between the Si and Ge eutectics that suggests a clue to the surface freezing effect. Although Au 82 Si 18 is known to form an amorphous solid phase (i.e., a glass) on rapid cooling 24 the Au 72 Ge 28 liquid does not.…”

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Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Pershan

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Glass transition and atomic structures in supercooled GaReview of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces X-ray studies of the interface between liquid metals and their coexisting vapor are reviewed. After a brief discussion of the few elemental liquid metals for which the surface Debye-Waller effect is sufficiently weak to allow measurement, this paper will go on to discuss the various types of surface phenomena that have been observed for liquid metal alloys. These include surface adsorption, surface freezing, surface aggregation of nm size atomic clusters, and surface chemistry that leads to new 3D crystalline phases. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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“…This surface layering was first verified experimentally at the liquid-air interfaces of Hg [3] and Ga [4] by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. Subsequent experimental studies demonstrated such layering also for numerous other liquid metals [4][5][6][7][8][9] and liquid metal alloys [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

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Temperature- and potential-dependent structure of the mercury-electrolyte interface

Runge¹,

Festersen²,

Koops³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. B

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The atomic-scale structure of the mercury-electrolyte (0.01 M NaF) interface was studied as a function of temperature and potential by x-ray reflectivity and x-ray diffuse scattering measurements. The capillary wave contribution is determined and removed from the data, giving access to the intrinsic surface-normal electron density profile at the interface, especially to the surface layering in the Hg phase. A temperature dependent roughness anomaly known from the Hg-air interface is found to persist also at the Hg-electrolyte interface. Additionally, a temperature dependence of the layering period was discovered. The increase in the layer spacing with increasing temperature is approximately four times lager than the increase expected from thermal expansion. Finally, the interface is found to broaden towards the electrolyte side as the potential becomes more negative, in agreement with the Schmickler-Henderson theory. Our results favor a model for the interface structure, which is different to the model formerly used in comparable studies.

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Surface structure of the liquidAu72Ge28eutectic phase: X-ray reflectivity

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Self-Consistent Interpretation of the 2D Structure of the LiquidAu82Si18Surface: Bending Rigidity and the Debye-Waller Effect

Self-Consistent Interpretation of the 2D Structure of the LiquidAu82Si18Surface: Bending Rigidity and the Debye-Waller Effect

Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Temperature- and potential-dependent structure of the mercury-electrolyte interface

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