Surface structure of dermatophytes as seen by the scanning electron microscope

Ito, Yuki; Nozawa, Yoshinori; Suzuki, H.; Setoguti, Takao

doi:10.1080/00362177085190501

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Dermatophyte cell walls are characterized by electrondense outer layers with adherent granular material on its external side and a layer of reduced electron densitiy in the middle of the walls. [13][14][15] The loss of these distinctive features caused by the brighteners strongly reminds to the collapse of the lamellar wall structure described as a result from a treatment of cell walls with chitinase. 16 Therefore, the cell wall alterations caused by the brighteners might be attributed to an impaired chitin formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The structure of cell walls grown in the absence of brighteners as found by us relates to previous reports on the ultrastructure of normal dermatophyte cell walls. Dermatophyte cell walls are characterized by electron‐dense outer layers with adherent granular material on its external side and a layer of reduced electron densitiy in the middle of the walls 13–15 . The loss of these distinctive features caused by the brighteners strongly reminds to the collapse of the lamellar wall structure described as a result from a treatment of cell walls with chitinase 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of dermatophytes by optical brighteners

Brasch

Kreiselmaier

Christophers

2003

Mycoses

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The aim of this study was to investigate a possible effect of optical brighteners on the growth of dermatophytes. Typical strains of Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum were grown on agar plates containing two different brighteners of stilbenedisulfonic acid type in concentrations between 5 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-2) mol l-1 and their thallus diameters were compared with controls. In addition, hyphae grown with brighteners were compared with controls by fluorescence microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. Both brighteners had a significant dose-dependent growth-suppressive effect on all dermatophytes tested, that was complete at a concentration of 10(-2) and 10(-3) mol l-1, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy of hyphae showed a pronounced fluorescence of the septal areas and a less-intense staining of the outer cell walls. Electron microscopy revealed a marked thickening and blurred contours of the cell walls grown with brighteners. These new observations relate very well to an interference of optical brighteners with the formation of normal chitin fibrils as described previously. Optical brighteners of stilbenedisulfonic acid type may be rewarding objects for the development of new antifungal agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of dermatophytes by optical brighteners

Brasch

Kreiselmaier

Christophers

2003

Mycoses

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“…In the last few years, scanning electron microscopy has been used for studies of various fungal material. Most of them have dealt with sporulating structures, the surface features of which are of great value primarily for taxonomical reasons (for review of investigations up to 1969 see Hey wood 1969; Old and Robertson 1969, Perreau and Heim 1969, Clarke and Griffiths 1970, Harris 1970, Ito et al 1970a, Ito et al 1970b, Whittaker and Drucker 1970, Brandenburger and Schwinn 1971. The preparation of such material could be confined to coating with a gold-palladium alloy or to mere air-drying before coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Nematode-trapping Organs in Arthrobotrys oligospora

Nordbring‐Hertz

1972

Physiol Plant

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The three-dimensional capture organs of the nematodetrapping fungus Arthrohotrys oligospora are presented in scanning electron micrographs.The fungus was grown directly on agar substrates or on millipore filters or glass cover slips placed on agar substrates. To avoid shrinkage of the soft-walled mycelial material, a fixation in OsO4-vapour was performed, before freeze-drying and coating with Au-Pd alloy.When capture organs were prepared in this way, it was possible to visualize them in their erect position in the scanning electron microscope. Young capture organs, both spontaneously formed and nematode-induced, remained standing better than old ones.An adhesive substance on the capture organs, with the aid of which nematodes are trapped, seems to be visible in these pictures.

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“…Scanning electron microscopy has been used to study the morphology of a variety of individual microorganisms, including Actinomycetes (9), various bacteria (2,5,7), dermatophytes (4), and Candida albicans (1). However, Whitaker and Drucker (8), who studied several species of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and C. albicans, appear to have been the only investigators to use this technique to examine the morphology of intact colonies of microorganisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Colonies of Six Species of Candida

1973

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Thirty strains of six species of Candida isolated from patients were cultured for 60 h on Sabouraud agar, freeze-dried, and examined with a scanning electron microscope. The colonies were circular (Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii) or oval (C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parakrusei) in outline, and those of C. pseudotropicalis and C. krusei had an irregular outline due to a peripheral pseudomycelium. The morphology of individual microorganisms was examined at the margins and apex of those species which lacked a surface coat (C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parakrusei, C. guilliermondii), and through cracks in the surface coating of those which showed a surface coat (C. albicans, C. tropicalis). All species showed buds, bud scars, and interconnecting intercellular processes, but were generally spherical (C. albicans, C. tropicalis) or ovoid (C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parakrusei, C. guilliermondii) in fixed preparations. In unfixed material, individual organisms were almost invariably indented. Fixation with 3% glutaraldehyde and washing before freeze-drying caused partial removal of the surface coating of colonies of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, which persisted only as irregular sheets or as a filamentous meshwork. This filamentous meshwork was also present among the organisms of colonies of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. pseudotropicalis. It is concluded that these filaments represent the precipitation or unmasking of some component of the intercellular matrix of these organisms.

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Surface structure of dermatophytes as seen by the scanning electron microscope

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Inhibition of dermatophytes by optical brighteners

Inhibition of dermatophytes by optical brighteners

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Nematode-trapping Organs in Arthrobotrys oligospora

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Colonies of Six Species of Candida

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