Surface stabilization of clay using sodium alginate

Utilizing Sodium Alginate Biopolymer for Enhancing Montmorillonite- Enriched Clayey Subgrade

“…This feature helps treat soil, as clays typically contain cations that initiate the sodium alginate's crosslinking without the need for an additional agent or solution. The ease of extraction and high bioavailability of alginate make it a highly sought-after material for a variety of geotechnical, industrial, and medicinal applications [14,21]. Oxford Lab Chemicals in India is the manufacturer of the lab-grade sodium alginate used in this study.…”

“…To do this, traditional additives like cement, lime, and y ash were often used to improve the stiffness and strength of the expansive subgrade [18,19]. Although chemical additives are more useful in the stabilisation of frustrating soil because they help the physical and mechanical qualities of soil, such as its resilience, deformability, strength, and stability, they are heavily exploited, especially for expansive soils [17,20,21]. Despite the considerable energy consumption involved in producing these materials, despite their usefulness, there are environmental issues [21,22].…”

“…The environmental impact and stability of clay were assessed by examining the effects of sodium alginate through two methods: spraying and soaking. According to Bakhshizadeh et al [21] the spraying strategy produced a longer period of UCS than the soaking-treated soil. They are similar to Zhao et al [38].…”

Memorias del X Congreso Nacional de Alconpat México 2022

“…Esta técnica ayuda a mejorar la resistencia y la estabilidad y se utiliza ampliamente sobre todo para los suelos blandos arcillosos y expansivos. Los aditivos más comunes son cemento, cal y cenizas volantes (Bahrami et al, 2020;Bakhshizadeh et al 2022). La estabilización mediante el método de mezclado profundo se adopta habitualmente en los países nórdicos para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de las arcillas expansivas y se ha considerado una alternativa a la sustitución en masa convencional (Kitazume y Terashi, 2013;Forsman et al, 2018;Larsson, 2021).…”

بررسی آزمایشگاهی تغییرات رفتار مقاومتی و ریز ساختاری خاک رس آلوده به نفت (مطالعه موردی: منطقه مسجدسلیمان)

“…}U; R= |Q}owrH |xrUt 'u=t}rU OHUt |xk]vt xrtH R= 'u=DURwN =y|oOwr; u}= p=@vO x@ "OQ=O |Y=N C}ty= '=yCN=UQ}R x@ |Div |=y|oOwr; CWv x@ R=}v 'xOW Qm P j]=vt R= |Q=OQ@xQy@ u=tR QO |Div |=yx=J w C=U}U -=D uwt= Q}B QO ?Hwt |iQ] R= xrUt u}= "OwW|t T=UL= xk]vt l=N Z} waD w |Q=OQ@l=N u}=Q@=v@ "OQ=Ov R}v |O=YDk= |xiQY w OwW|t CU} R \}Lt x@ uOv=UQ ? }U; =yu; R= xO=iDU= CyH Civ x@ xOwr; |=yl=N C}@FD |= Q@ ?U=vt VwQ ?=NDv= "CU= QDW}@ |UQQ@ sRrDUt |=yl=N |wQ Q@ VywSB |O=OaD uwvm=D xm OyO|t u=Wv u}W}B C=ar=]t QwQt &CU= xDiQ}PB CQwY ly; R= xO=iDU= =@ =yu; C}@FD w |Div |=yu@QmwQO}y x@ xOwr; (SEM, |Q=DN=UR}Q R}r=v; w |Dtw=kt Q=DiQ C= Q}}eD |UQQ@ x@ Q[=L VywSB QO =t= 'u=t}rUOHUt |xk]vt QO q=@ |Q}tN Cr=L =@ |UQ |xOwr; |=yl=N XRD) |=yOYQO QO ly; uOwRi= j} Q] R= 'OQ=O |OOaDt |Div C=U}U -=D w uR=Nt xm xOW xDN=OQB hrDNt |Qw;pta |=yuU QO xOvvmC}@FD |xO=t u=wvax@ hrDNt G}=Dv x@ xHwD =@ xm CU= xOw@ u}= Q@ VqD Q[=L VywSB QO u}vJty "CU= Civ x@ xOwr; |=yl=N C}@FD |= Q@ ly; |xv}y@ OYQO 'xOW s=Hv= |=yV}=tR; "OwW |v}@V}B |iQYt Kr=Yt "2 12 (USCS) O}=i}vw} |Ov@xk@] sDU}U =@ j@=]t CH s=v =@ w q=@ |Q}tN =@ j@=]t xS}w |r=oJ V}=tR; s=Hv= R= TB u}vJty "CU= xOW |Ov@xk@] "nQ@QD= OwOL V}=tR; |xH}Dv "2 pwOH |Q}tN XN=W |Q}tN OL |v=wQ OL O}=i}vw} |Ov@xDUO sDU}U l=N `wv [44] &OQ}o@ OwN x@ |Q}tN Cr=L \wrNt |Q=Oyov x=oW}=tR; |=tO QO Ca=U 24 COt |= Q@ w [45] xDiQo Q= Qk |vwr}=v |xU}m Q=m u}= "OwW pkDvt l=N \=kv |xty x@ CN=wvm} , qt=m Qw]x@ C@ w]Q =D 'Ov=xOW =yv; u}}=B |Q}PBPwiv w TQ C= QP \UwD C@ w]Q ?PH Ov}=Qi uOw@ Q@u=tR p}rO x@ "2 'p}@k R= |}=yQDt=Q=B uOQm XNWt 'xOW s=Hv= |=yV}=tR; s=Hv= R= hOy =@ j@=]t (CL) Qrm [39] 'ASTMD4972 OQ=Ov=DU= =@ j@=]t (pH) xD}O}U= l=N (So3) C=irwU w (Ec) |m} QDmr= C}=Oy [40] 'ASTMD1411 OQ=Ov=DU= pH |=yx=oDUO R= xO=iDU= =@ xm 'CU= xOw@ [41] 'BS1377 OQ=Ov=DU= =@ j@=]t "3 pwOH Ov=xOW |Q}oxR=Ov= l=N 15 Sw}i}QDv=U w 14 GvUC}=Oy 'QDt |Q=DN=UR}Q |=yV}=tR; "3"3 |xOvyOp}mWD |UQ |=y|v=m `wv w |}=}t}W Q=DN=U X}NWD Qw_vtx@ u}vJty |}=tvnQR@ =@ 16 (SEM) |W@ wQ |vwQDmr= AwmUwQm}t |=yV}=tR; 'l=N |wQQ@l=N|}=}t}WC=@}mQDw=yQ=DN=Uwv=v|SwrwiQwtR}r=v;|UQQ@hOy=@(5Kx) 17 (XRD)Tm}= |xaW= V= QB GvUh}] R}r=v; w xDiQ}PB CQwY |@amt |=yxvwtv O=wt |Qwr@ Q=DN=U |UQQ@ hOy =@ [42] BS EN 13925 2 OQ=Ov=DU= =@ j@=]t Q}N= R}r=v; u}vJty "CU= xOW s=Hv= 200 |xQ=tW lr= R= |Qw@a l=N |wQ Q@ 200 |xQ=tW lr= R= |Qw@a C= QP |=yR=i |}=U=vW w Q=DN=U |xOy=Wt CyH "OR=U|t XNWt = Q xOvyOp}mWD QY=va 18 Gw= |x]kv w OwQ|t Q=mx@ l=N |QwLtlD |Q=Wi Ctw=kt V}=tR; "4"3 [43] ASTM D2166 OQ=Ov=DU= =@ j@=]t |QwLtlD |Q=Wi Ctw=kt V}=tR; |xvwtv 144 |wQ Q@ l=N |QwLtlD V}=tR; s=Hv= Qw_vt x@ "CU= xDiQ}PB CQwY 8 |xQ=tW lr= R= |Qw@a l=N 'Q_vOQwt l=N |R=UxO=t; |= Q@ =OD@= 'Q_vOQwt xOQm \wrNt OYQO 9 w 6 '3 '0 |=yu= R}t x@ w |QOwB CQwYx@ ly; =@ =OD@= = Q…”