Surface sensitization of g-C₃N₄/TiO₂via Pd/Rb₂O co-catalysts: accelerating water splitting reaction for green fuel production in the absence of organic sacrificial agents

Abstract

Global warming and the energy crisis due to the fast consumption of fossil fuels obligate researchers to develop renewable, clean energy sources. In this work, we have designed an effective...

Simultaneous elimination of toxic dyes, ciprofloxacin and Cr(vi) contents from polluted water: escalating surface plasmon electrons of Ag cocatalysts on BiVO4 microstructures

“…When the Ag–BiVO 4 photocatalyst was exposed to the sunlight, electrons present in the VB are excited and move to the CB of catalyst. 47,79,80 During the photoreaction, Ag contents produce SPR electrons that as a result increase the electron population over the surfaces of the catalyst. 18 Meanwhile, a Schottky barrier was developed on the edge of Ag metal and the BiVO 4 surface.…”

“…43 The efficiencies of the catalysts were determined by a reported method, 44,45 eqn (1):where η represents the % removal efficiency and C 0 and C are the initial and final concentrations. Similarly, the kinetics of the degradation reactions was measured via eqn (2) 46,47 where C 0 = initial concentration, C = concentration after reaction at time t , and k = rate constant. The graph is plotted between ln C / C 0 vs. time (min) for the determination of the reaction constant for the degradation reaction.…”

“…The 3-D images are illustrated in Fig. 5d and e which reveal the surface roughness 47 and morphology with higher density of active sites in Ag-BiVO 4 photocatalysts.…”

“…where η represents the % removal efficiency and C 0 and C are the initial and final concentrations. Similarly, the kinetics of the degradation reactions was measured via eqn (2) 46,47 ln…”

Insight into the development and proceedings of Au@Al–CeVO4 catalysts for water splitting: an advanced outlook for hydrogen generation with sunlight

“…Under sunlight irradiation, Au@Al–CeVO 4 absorbs photons and generates electrons and holes in the conduction band and valence band of the semiconductor, respectively. 57–59 The photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of the semiconductor react with water molecules adsorbed onto their active sites to form hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and hydrogen ions (H + ). These produced (H + ) ions are converted into H 2 as a result of a catalytic reduction reaction at active centres of the catalyst.…”