Surface Ruptures Associated with the 1937 M 7.5 Tuosuo Lake and the 1963 M 7.0 Alake Lake Earthquakes and the Paleoseismicity along the Tuosuo Lake Segment of the Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibet

Guo, Jianming; Lin, Aiming; Sun, Guoqiang; Zheng, Jian

doi:10.1785/0120050103

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Located to the west of the A'nyêmaqên compressional stepover (Figure 1), the Tuosuohu segment has obvious linear features and since the late Pleistocene has had a sinistral strike-slip rate of 4.0-10.9 mm/a [5,9,17]. The general strike of the Tuosuohu segment is 280°-290°, and the strike gradually turns to be 310° at the north slope of the Di'naran, following an arc shape trending to the NE.…”

Section: Geometric Structure Of the Mid-eastern Part Of The Kunlun Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tuosuohu M7.5 earthquake in 1937 caused a surface rupture zone, the length of which is reported to have been 150 km [17], 180 km [5,32,33], or 230-300 km [13,34] long. The maximum sinistral horizontal slip reached 7 to 8 m [5,11,13,33] and the maximum vertical displacement was 2 to 3.5 m [5,13,33].…”

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum sinistral horizontal slip reached 7 to 8 m [5,11,13,33] and the maximum vertical displacement was 2 to 3.5 m [5,13,33]. In comparison, the Hongshuichuan M7.0 earthquake in 1963 produced a 40-km-long rupture zone [9,17]. Although there are still debate on the length of the rupture zone caused by the Tuosuohu earthquake, the fact that the latest surface rupture extended from the foot of A'nyêmaqên Mountains to the Huaideshuiwai, west of Alakehu Lake, is widely accepted [5,9,13,17,[32][33][34].…”

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the Hongshuichuan M7.0 earthquake in 1963 produced a 40-km-long rupture zone [9,17]. Although there are still debate on the length of the rupture zone caused by the Tuosuohu earthquake, the fact that the latest surface rupture extended from the foot of A'nyêmaqên Mountains to the Huaideshuiwai, west of Alakehu Lake, is widely accepted [5,9,13,17,[32][33][34]. The surface rupture which formed in 1937 has now been in existence for over 70 years, but because of its particular location in the sparsely-populated interior of the Tibetan Plateau, its shape is still plainly visible.…”

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous inquiries concerning the Maqin-Maqu segment have investigated the distribution of historical earthquake surface rupture zones, the paleoearthquake recurrence sequence, long-term slip rates, precursory anomalies and so on, all of which have deepened understanding of the long-term slip of the fault and nonuniformity along the strike [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, because of the different techniques used for measuring such things as accumulative displacement, the initiation time selected to fit the slip rate and the paleoearthquake identification mark, interpretations of the slip rate and the recurrence interval vary.…”

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Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault, north Tibetan Plateau

Chen-xia

et al. 2011

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The Kunlun Fault, an active fault on the border between the Bayan Har and Kunlun-Qaidam blocks, is one of the major left lateral strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau. Previous research has not reached a consensus on agreeable slip rates along much of its length and the slip rate gradient along the eastern part, both of which play critical roles in a range of models for the eastward extrusion and thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau. New slip rates have been determined at sites along the eastern part of the Kunlun Fault by dating deposits and measuring atop displaced fluvial terrace risers. Field investigations and interpretation of satellite images reveal geometrical features of the fault and the late Quaternary offset, new earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturing segmentation, from which long-term slip rates and earthquake recurrence intervals on the fault are estimated. The tectonic geomorphology method has determined that the long-term horizontal slip rates on the Tuosuohu, Maqin and Maqu segments from west to east are 11.2±1, 9.3±2, and 4.9±1.3 mm/a while their vertical slip rates are 1.2±0.2, 0.7±0.1, and 0.3 mm/a in the late Quaternary. Results indicate that the slip rates regularly decrease along the eastern ~300 km of the fault from >10 to <5 mm/a. This is consistent with the decrease in the gradient such that at the slip rate break point is at the triple point intersection with the transverse fault, which in turn is transformed to the Awancang Fault. The vector decomposition for this tectonic transformation shows that the western and eastern branches of the Awancang Fault fit the slip-partitioning mode. The slip rate of the southwestern wall is 4.6 mm/a relative to the northeastern wall and the slip direction is 112.1°. The mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault can be divided into three independent segments by the A'nyêmaqên double restraining bend and the Xigongzhou intersection zone, which compose the surface rupture segmentation indicators for themselves as well as the ending point of the 1937 M7.5 Tuosuohu earthquake. The average recurrence interval of the characteristic earthquakes are estimated to be 500-1000 a, respectively. The latest earthquake ruptures occurred in AD 1937 on the western Tuosuohu segment, as compared to ~514-534 a BP on the Maqin segment, and ~1055 to 1524 a BP on the Maqu segment. This may indicate a unidirectional migration for surface rupturing earthquakes along the mid-eastern Kunlun Fault related to stress triggered between these segments. Meanwhile, the long-term slip rate is obtained through the single event offset and the recurrence interval, which turn out to be the same results as those determined by the offset tectonic geomorphology method, i.e., the decreasing gradient corresponds to the geometrical bending and the fault's intersection with the transverse fault. Therefore, the falling slip rate gradient of the mid-eastern Kunlun Fault is mainly caused by eastward extension of the fault and its intersection with the transverse fault. mid-eastern Kunlun Fault, s...

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Section: Geometric Structure Of the Mid-eastern Part Of The Kunlun Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tuosuohu Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault, north Tibetan Plateau

Chen-xia

et al. 2011

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Coseismic and early postseismic deformation due to the 2021 M7.4 Maduo (China) earthquake

Fialko

Jin

2021

Preprint

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Investigation and magnitude re‐evaluation of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

et al. 2019

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Rupture lengths and displacements of historical earthquakes are significant components of the accurate magnitude estimates required for understanding fault behaviour and earthquake recurrence patterns. Along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 36 large historical earthquakes have been recorded during the past~700 years, many of which still require detailed investigation. In this study, we reinvestigated the coseismic surface rupture produced by the 1955 M 7.5 Zheduotang earthquake. The Zheduotang Fault, which is the source fault of the 1955 event, is one of the main faults of the central Xianshuihe fault zone, with a left-lateral strike-slip rate of 3.4 mm/year according to our measurements and the ages of offset terraces. High-resolution Google Earth images and field observations reveal that the surface ruptures of this earthquake were characterized by leftlateral offsets of gullies, animal paths, alluvial terraces, and fans. The coseismic surface rupture length caused by the 1955 earthquake could be up to~43 km, with mainly horizontal displacements of 0.6-1.7 m. Based on empirical relationships between magnitude and coseismic surface rupture length for large earthquakes, the magnitude of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake is re-evaluated to be M W 7.0. Our study demonstrates the necessity of re-evaluating previous magnitude estimates of historical earthquakes in western China.

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Surface Ruptures Associated with the 1937 M 7.5 Tuosuo Lake and the 1963 M 7.0 Alake Lake Earthquakes and the Paleoseismicity along the Tuosuo Lake Segment of the Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibet

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault, north Tibetan Plateau

Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault, north Tibetan Plateau

Coseismic and early postseismic deformation due to the 2021 M7.4 Maduo (China) earthquake

Investigation and magnitude re‐evaluation of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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