Surface properties of polypropylene following a novel industrial surface‐treatment process

Awaja, Firas; Gilbert, Michael; Kelly, Georgina; Fox, Bronwyn; Brynolf, Russell; Pigram, Paul J.

doi:10.1002/sia.2924

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, complex R-NH 2 and RO-NH 2 functional groups could be found, which might be the products of the reaction between broken chains from PP backbones and the CH 3 CN solvent. 49 In a brief summary, the ageing process of the SCs was irreversible because of those side reactions among the key components with the electrolyte as the main linking medium. The consequent decline of electrical conductivity, blockage of effective pores in AC and PP separators, decrease of specific surface area, and delamination between the current collector and AC layer would definitely deteriorate the electrochemical performance of SCs and eventually resulted in their failure.…”

Section: Chemical Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degeneration of Key Structural Components Resulting in Ageing of Supercapacitors and the Related Chemical Ageing Mechanism

Huang

Weng

Gong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The research on supercapacitors (SCs) is one of the hot topics in the field of energy storage, and the intrinsic ageing mechanism of SCs is significant from both the economic and the scientific point of view. In this paper, the negative effects of decay of the key structural components on ageing of SCs were investigated by factorial design and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results showed that the degree of the negative influence on ageing of SCs could be ranked in descending order as anode > separator > cathode. The ageing would be accelerated due to the interaction between the electrode and separator, especially at a high charge−discharge current density. Further, the intrinsic chemical ageing mechanism of SCs was revealed by the morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition analyses of the fresh and aged key components (the electrode carbon materials, current collectors, and separators) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), etc. Moreover, the minimum pore width of electrode carbon materials suitable for electrolyte ion diffusion was obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which corroborated the assumption that the pore structure deterioration was one of the direct causes of capacitance loss for aged SCs. Generally, the ageing mechanism of key components of SCs could be a reference to develop advanced electrode materials and separators for SCs.

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Section: Chemical Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degeneration of Key Structural Components Resulting in Ageing of Supercapacitors and the Related Chemical Ageing Mechanism

Huang

Weng

Gong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The response of the bond strength to two variables was studied, based on previous experience,19, 20 preliminary observations and trials. The RF power ( x 1 ) measured in Watt, and treatment time ( x 2 ) measured in minutes were selected as the parameters of interest.…”

Section: Experimental Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Activation and Self Bonding of PEEK for the Use in the Encapsulation of Medical Implants

Awaja

Zhang

James

et al. 2010

Plasma Processes & Polymers

Self Cite

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Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its composites have emerged as one of the main candidate materials for replacing titanium and its alloys for the encapsulating components of medical implants. PEEK, however, is a difficult material to bond without the use of adhesion promoting agents. Experiments based on the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were used to find an optimum plasma surface modification treatment. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to provide surface molecular and thermodynamic information. Higher self bond strength of PEEK was found to correlate with higher relative oxygen concentration and total surface energy. Mechanisms for the autohesive bond formation were developed based on the oxidation of the surface.

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“…This claim is very significant for industry as it could reduce costs and time‐consuming surface cleaning processes. In a previous study it was shown that ATmaP was able to modify the surface of thermoplastics chemically through the grafting of an atomized and vaporized nitrogen‐based coupling agent (n‐methylpyrrolidone) resulting in increased adhesion strength 35…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the surface chemistry of carbon fiber and E‐glass composites for improved adhesion

Gilbert

Awaja

Kelly

et al. 2011

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The main challenges in the manufacture of composite materials are low surface energy and the presence of silicon-containing contaminants, both of which greatly reduce surface adhesive strength. In this study, carbon fiber (CF) and E-glass epoxy resin composites were surface treated with the Accelerated Thermo-molecular adhesion Process (ATmaP). ATmaP is a multiaction surface treatment process where tailored nitrogen and oxygen functionalities are generated on the surface of the sample through the vaporization and atomization of n-methylpyrrolidone solution, injected via specially designed flame-treatment equipment. The treated surfaces of the polymer composites were analyzed using XPS, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), contact angle (CA) analysis and direct adhesion measurements. ATmaP treatment increased the surface concentration of polar functional groups while reducing surface contamination, resulting in increased adhesion strength. XPS and ToF-SIMS showed a significant decrease in silicon-containing species on the surface after ATmaP treatment. E-glass composite showed higher adhesion strength than CF composite, correlating with higher surface energy, higher concentrations of nitrogen and C O functional groups (from XPS) and higher concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups (particularly C 2 H 3 O + and C 2 H 5 NO + molecular ions, from ToF-SIMS).

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Surface properties of polypropylene following a novel industrial surface‐treatment process

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Degeneration of Key Structural Components Resulting in Ageing of Supercapacitors and the Related Chemical Ageing Mechanism

Degeneration of Key Structural Components Resulting in Ageing of Supercapacitors and the Related Chemical Ageing Mechanism

Plasma Activation and Self Bonding of PEEK for the Use in the Encapsulation of Medical Implants

Tailoring the surface chemistry of carbon fiber and E‐glass composites for improved adhesion

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