Surface properties of a calcium carbonate filler treated with stearic acid

Papirer, E.; Schultz, J.; Turchi, Craig

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(84)90181-2

Cited by 168 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Columns were conditioned at 140°C for 16 hours and measurements were done at 100°C with the injection of various n-alkanes. An attempt was made to determine monolayer coverage by a dissolution method developed earlier [26,28]. DSC traces were also recorded on coated fillers; free stearic acid can be determined from the appearance of its melting peak as shown by an earlier study [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the properties of PLA/CaSO4 composites: homogeneity and interactions

Molnár

Móczó

Murariu

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Composites were prepared from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a natural CaSO4 filler to study the developed structure and the interaction of the components. The filler was characterized very thoroughly by several techniques and the results indicated that the filler contains a considerable amount of small particles with size much below the volume average size of 4.4 μm. The presence of these small particles did not result in inhomogeneity, considerable extent of aggregation was not observed in the composites. The filler was coated with stearic acid to modify interactions and optimum coverage corresponded to the amount estimated from the specific surface area of the filler. Mechanical properties changed only slightly with increasing amounts of the uncoated filler, but coating resulted in a drastic change of tensile properties and deformation behavior. Considerable plastic flow was observed around filler particles on the fracture surface of broken specimens. The quantitative estimation of interfacial interactions and their comparison to existing data proved that the interaction of PLA and CaSO4 corresponds to values observed in other mineral filled polymers. On the other hand, the reinforcing effect of the coated filler is extremely poor indicating almost zero interaction. Additional experiments proved that considerable amount of stearic acid dissolves in PLA and plasticizes the polymer. Stearic acid seems to desorb also from the surface of the filler, dissolve in the polymer and modify matrix properties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the properties of PLA/CaSO4 composites: homogeneity and interactions

Molnár

Móczó

Murariu

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…[2][3][4] Practically, all these surfactants have long alkyl chains and short chains have not been adequately investigated, although the filler surface tension and the work of adhesion between the inclusions and the polymer matrix are expected to depend on the chain length. [5][6][7][8] The coated organic layer enhances the wetting of the filler by the polymer melt during compounding and reduces the particles' tendency to agglomerate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing the surface energy of CaCO 3 leads not only to better particle dispersion (disintegration to the primary particles) but also decreases the interfacial tension and the work of adhesion between the particles and the polymer with consequences for the tensile and impact properties of the composite. [4,[8][9][10][11][12] Nano-and sub-micron particles (large SSA) have strong tendency to aggregate, building strong clusters with different shapes, which cannot be disintegrated during compounding. Hence, they lead to special reinforcement effects (higher moduli) and are not going to be considered in this context.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Chain Length and Tensile Properties of Calcium Carbonate‐Polyethylene Composites

Osman

Atallah

2007

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Micron‐sized CaCO3 particles free of milling additives were coated with a monolayer of aliphatic carboxylic acids of different chain length (C2, C4, C5, C10, and C18). CaCO3 was compounded with LDPE at different loading, and the tensile properties of the composites were measured and correlated to the length of the alkyl chains tethered to the particles' surface. SEM indicated that the particles are well dispersed (no agglomerates). The inclusions show little influence on the polymer crystallization, and the filler surface treatment leads to a slight decrease in polymer crystallinity that grows with increasing chain length of the fatty acid. The tensile modulus, yield stress, and maximum stress increase with increasing filler volume fraction ϕ, and the dependence is a function of the length of the alkyl chains tethered to the CaCO3 surface. It seems that the interphase thickness and properties depend on the alkyl chain length and strongly influence the modulus and stresses measured. With increasing chain length in the coated organic layer, the interfacial adhesion between the inclusions and the polymer matrix decreases, and the fibril formation increases. The tensile properties are the result of a superimposition of all these effects. The yield and ultimate strains are dominated by the interfacial slippage (increases with growing alkyl chain length) that leads to debonding at high deformations. Surface treatment of CaCO3 with valeric acid leads to the maximum possible tensile modulus, yield stress, and tensile strength combined with a relatively small loss in yield and ultimate strain.magnified image

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“…After predetermined adsorption times the slurry was centrifuged and the concentration of quercetin in the solution was determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy from the intensity of the adsorption peak appearing at 374 nm. The adsorption of quercetin was determined also by a dissolution method [26,27] described more in detail elsewhere [28]. During the discussion of the results the quercetin content of the samples is presented in wt%, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of an active molecule on the surface of halloysite for controlled release application: Interaction, orientation, consequences

Hári

Polyák

Mester

et al. 2016

Applied Clay Science

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The goal of the study was to check the possible use of halloysite nanotubes as a controlled release natural antioxidant device with quercetin as the active component. The mineral was thoroughly characterized by various techniques including the determination of particle and tube morphology, specific surface area, pore size and volume, as well as surface energy. The high surface energy of halloysite predicted strong adsorption of active molecules on its surface and consequently difficult release. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of strong interactions, energetically heterogeneous halloysite surface and multilayer coverage at large loadings. FTIR and XRD experiments proved the complete lack of intercalation and showed that below 3.5 wt% quercetin loading, most of the molecules are located within the halloysite tubes. Molecular modelling indicated the parallel orientation of quercetin molecules with the surface. Critical concentrations derived from various measurements agreed well with each other further confirming that up to about 4.0 wt% loading, quercetin is bonded very strongly to the halloysite surface. As a consequence, the dissolution of active molecules is very difficult or impossible, especially into apolar media, thus neither stabilization nor controlled release effect can be expected below that concentration.

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Surface properties of a calcium carbonate filler treated with stearic acid

Cited by 168 publications

References 9 publications

Factors affecting the properties of PLA/CaSO4 composites: homogeneity and interactions

Factors affecting the properties of PLA/CaSO4 composites: homogeneity and interactions

Surfactant Chain Length and Tensile Properties of Calcium Carbonate‐Polyethylene Composites

Adsorption of an active molecule on the surface of halloysite for controlled release application: Interaction, orientation, consequences

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