Surface properties and color stability of dental flowable composites influenced by simulated toothbrushing

Abstract

This study evaluated surface gloss, roughness and color change of six current flowable composites after simulated toothbrushing, including four traditional flowable composites (i.e. GrandioSO Flow, Arabesk Flow, Kerr Revolution Formula 2 and Gradia Direct LoFlo), one self-adhering flowable composite (Kerr Vertise Flow) and one universal injectable composite (G-ænial Universal Flo). Forty-eight dimensionally standardized specimens (n=8/group) were made from six composites. Before and after 1 h toothbrushing simulation, surface gloss was measured with a glossmeter, and surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer, and color was measured with a spectrophotometer. In this study, G-ænial Universal Flo, termed as universal injectable composite by the manufacturer, presented excellent surface properties after toothbrush abrasion; Gradia Direct LoFlo showed excellent color stablity after toothbrush abrasion; color alteration of composites caused by toothbrush abrasion was acceptable on the premise that 3.3∆E units were considered as acceptable threshold values.

Surface properties and gloss of CAD/CAM composites after toothbrush abrasion testing

“…However, the GU values for CS3, ESP, and KZR were lower than 70 after testing. Previous studies reported that the optimal value for composites is greater than 70 (16,17). Therefore, materials with a value lower than 70 are regarded as aesthetically inferior.…”

“…Gloss and surface roughness were measured before and after the toothbrush abrasion test, in accordance with the method of Koizumi et al (18). The angle of reflection of the gloss meter was 60 degrees (16)(17)(18). In addition, a laser microscope (1LM21W, Lasertec Corp., Yokohama, Japan) was used to determine Sa, a measure of surface roughness.…”

“…Finally, they must satisfy patient aesthetic requirements. The criteria for gloss and surface roughness of composites were previously reported (15)(16)(17). New CAD/CAM composites for molars have recently been developed.…”

<p>Color stability of Lucirin-photo-activated resin composite after immersion in different staining solutions: a spectrophotometric study</p>

“…32,[43][44][45][46][47][48] Later on, a different photo-initiator (monoacylphosphine oxide (Lucirin TPO)) system has been introduced that is designed to improve polymerization kinetics and reduce photo-yellowing effects. 45,[49][50][51][52][53] The use of Lucirin eliminated the amine group, thereby increasing color stability upon aging. 25,45,48,[54][55][56] IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), a resin-based material, was introduced to the market.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, limited study has specifically investigated the ability of IPS Empress resin composite to match the color and optical properties of teeth. 12,52…”