Surface plasmon resonance studies of complex formation between cytochrome c and bovine cytochrome c oxidase incorporated into a supported planar lipid bilayer. II. Binding of cytochrome c to oxidase-containing cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine membranes

Salamon, Zdzislaw; Tollin, Gordon

doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79287-1

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Cardiolipin facilitates the binding of cytochrome c to COXcontaining membranes (43). The above results strongly suggest that A2E inhibits mitochondrial respiration because it prevents cytochrome c binding to the inner mitochondrial membrane and thereby interrupts electron flow between cytochrome bc 1 and COX.…”

Section: A2e Inhibits Respiration Of Isolated Mitochondria and Cytochmentioning

confidence: 71%

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Suter¹,

Remé²,

Grimm³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

282

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10-20% of individuals over the age of 65 suffer from agerelated macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of severe visual impairment in humans living in developed countries. The pathogenesis of this complex disease is poorly understood, and no efficient therapy or prevention exists to date. A precondition for AMD appears to be the accumulation of the age pigment lipofuscin in lysosomes of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In AMD, these cells seem to die by apoptosis with subsequent death of photoreceptor cells, and light may accelerate the disease process. Intracellular factors leading to cell death are not known. Here we show that the lipophilic cation N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), a lipofuscin component, induces apoptosis in RPE and other cells at concentrations found in human retina. Apoptosis is accompanied by the appearance of the proapoptotic proteins cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Biochemical examinations show that A2E specifically targets cytochrome oxidase (COX). With both isolated mitochondria and purified COX, A2E inhibits oxygen consumption synergistically with light. Inhibition is reversed by the addition of cytochrome c or cardiolipin, a negatively charged phospholipid that facilitates the binding of cytochrome c to membranes. Succinate dehydrogenase activity is not altered by A2E. We suggest that A2E can act as a proapoptotic molecule via a mitochondria-related mechanism, possibly through site-specific targeting of this cation to COX. Loss of RPE cell viability through inhibition of mitochondrial function might constitute a pivotal step toward the progressive degeneration of the central retina. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)1 affects 10 -20% of people at an age over 65 and constitutes one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment in the elderly in industrialized nations (1). Whereas the clinical and the histopathological pictures of AMD are well known (2, 3), molecular events initiating the disease remain elusive. Major obstacles in elucidating such events are the lack of suitable animal models and the complexity of the human disease. Recent studies indicate that genetic components (4 -8) and exogenous enhancing factors (9, 10) both contribute to the pathogenesis.In the course of photoreceptor renewal, rod outer segment tips are shed and phagocytosed by the underlying cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (11-13). It is generally believed that the accumulation of the autofluorescent age pigment lipofuscin in RPE cell phagolysosomes constitutes a predicament for the development of the disease. Lipofuscin accumulation and the formation of drusen and other deposits in the region of Bruch's membrane, which separates the pigment epithelium from the underlying choroid are considered initial steps in the pathogenesis of AMD. Drusen formation may be the result of progressive death and/or exocytosis of RPE cells in the central retina (14, 15).Lipofuscin harbors two unusual retinoids, the lipophilic cations N-ret...

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Section: A2e Inhibits Respiration Of Isolated Mitochondria and Cytochmentioning

confidence: 71%

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Suter¹,

Remé²,

Grimm³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

282

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“…Despite these observations, however, it is not yet clear whether electrostatic interactions are solely responsible Phospholipids are the main structural components of the for the mutual interaction. Kinnunen et al (6) and Salamon biological membrane and determine its specific bilayer strucand Tollin (12), for instance, claimed that hydrophobic inture (1). Next to the vast number of publications dealing teractions are involved too, although the initial binding of with structural aspects, much research has also been percytochrome c is supposed to be electrostatically driven (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic and Dynamic Light Scattering Study of the Interaction of Cytochromecwith Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and Intramembranously Mixed Liposomes

Meulenaer

Meeren

Cuyper

et al. 1997

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Furthermore, it was possible to place a functionally intact nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [7] as well as cytochrome C oxidase [8] in such artificial membranes. Recently, the formation of a multicatalytic protease complex (20-S-proteasom), which consists of 28 subunits, was achieved on such a lipid bilayer.…”

Section: Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Application of Evanescent Wave Biosensors

Weimar

2000

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

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During the last few years biosensors have become important for the investigation of biomolecular interactions. In particular surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and resonant mirror (RM) techniques [1] are frequently used in biosensors. More than one thousand publications concerning the use of SPR or RM biosensors underline the importance of these techniques in the analysis of interactions between biomolecules.SPR and RM techniques are optical methods which use evanescent waves [1] to primarily determine the refractive index of an (aqueous) solution. As a consequence, these methods are unspecific, however they have the advantage of being very sensitive. Specificity can be introduced by modification of the surface facing the solution, for example, by immobilization of a receptor protein. Extremely thin layers of gold, other precious metals or glasslike materials may be used as supporting surfaces. Due to the interaction with the immobilized protein a bioactive molecule, present in solution above the sensor, will be attracted to the surface. The obtained change of the refractive index of the solution close to the sensor surface is directly proportional to the increase or decrease in mass of the sensor during the ligand ± receptor binding process (Figure 1).The experiments can be performed within minutes and need only very small amounts of sample, making them interesting as pharmaceutical screening processes. However, for biological aspects the signal progress over time is much more interesting, since one can determine the equilibrium and time constants (the association rate constant or ªon-rateº, and the dissociation rate constant or ªoff-rateº) of the ligand ± receptor binding process from the curves. Due to the optical detection mode, one obtains insights into the time scale of the processes being monitored without labeling the molecules. The collected kinetic and thermodynamic information complement structural data of the systems under investigation, thus being of great importance for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies of biomolecular complexes. Membrane Systems on Sensor SurfacesImmobilization of a molecule onto the sensor surface results in reduced translational and rotational degrees of freedom. This fact distinguishes SPR and RM techniques from other biophysical methods where all interacting partners are dissolved. However, many important biomolecular recognition processes take place on surfaces, such as cell membranes. The logical consequence is, therefore, to build artificial membranes on sensor surfaces to study receptor ± ligand interactions in an environment most closely resembling the natural one. To achieve this goal, different concepts have been developed to immobilize membranes and embedded proteins on sensor surfaces. The most apparent and simple one is to couple alkanes through a thiol group directly to the gold surface. These functionalized alkanes create a hydrophobic, self-assembling monolayer on the sensor surface, on which a lipid bilayer can be formed (Figure 2 a). The use of these me...

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Surface plasmon resonance studies of complex formation between cytochrome c and bovine cytochrome c oxidase incorporated into a supported planar lipid bilayer. II. Binding of cytochrome c to oxidase-containing cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine membranes

Cited by 51 publications

References 60 publications

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Electrophoretic and Dynamic Light Scattering Study of the Interaction of Cytochromecwith Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and Intramembranously Mixed Liposomes

Recent Trends in the Application of Evanescent Wave Biosensors

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