Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of single bowtie nano-antennas using a differential reflectivity method

Kaniber, M.; Schraml, K.; Regler, A.; Bartl, Johannes D.; Glashagen, Glenn; Flassig, Fabian; Wierzbowski, Jakob; Finley, Jonathan J.

doi:10.1038/srep23203

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The geometry of the triangles was taken from Ref. 40, with a gap set at 40 nm to readily compare with the sphere results. We included a shapeindependent bound by considering the exterior of a spherical shell (entire space minus a sphere of radius d), and using the largest volume of all structures, that of the 4-triangle bowtie.…”

Section: Single-point Focusing (Volume-scaling Bound)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to surface-enhanced Raman scattering near arbitrary-shape scatterers

Michon¹,

Benzaouia²,

Yao³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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The low efficiency of Raman spectroscopy can be overcome by placing the active molecules in the vicinity of scatterers, typically rough surfaces or nanostructures with various shapes. This surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) leads to substantial enhancement that depends on the scatterer that is used. In this work, we find fundamental upper bounds on the Raman enhancement for arbitrary-shaped scatterers, depending only on its material constants and the separation distance from the molecule. According to our metric, silver is optimal in visible wavelengths while aluminum is better in the near-UV region. Our general analytical bound scales as the volume of the scatterer and the inverse sixth power of the distance to the active molecule. Numerical computations show that simple geometries fall short of the bounds, suggesting further design opportunities for future improvement. For periodic scatterers, we use two formulations to discover different bounds, and the tighter of the two always must apply. Comparing these bounds suggests an optimal period depending on the volume of the scatterer. arXiv:1909.00202v1 [physics.optics]

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Section: Single-point Focusing (Volume-scaling Bound)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to surface-enhanced Raman scattering near arbitrary-shape scatterers

Michon¹,

Benzaouia²,

Yao³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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“…Regarding the reference geometries, it is well known that placing a Raman molecule between two carefully scaled circular metallic cylinders (a coupled-sphere antenna) significantly enhances the Raman scattering process [7][8][9], while placing it between two identical metallic triangular structures (a bowtie antenna) further enhances the process [10][11][12][13][14]. Both these references are parameter-optimized to maximize their performance at the targeted wavelengths.…”

Section: A Comparison To Known Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse design of nanoparticles for enhanced Raman scattering

Christiansen¹,

Michon²,

Benzaouia³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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We show that topology optimization (TO) of metallic resonators can lead to ∼ 10 2 × improvement in surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) efficiency compared to traditional resonant structures such as bowtie antennas. TO inverse design leads to surprising structures very different from conventional designs, which simultaneously optimize focusing of the incident wave and emission from the Raman dipole. We consider isolated metallic particles as well as more complicated configurations such as periodic surfaces or resonators coupled to dielectric waveguides, and the benefits of TO are even greater in the latter case. Our results are motivated by recent rigorous upper bounds to Raman scattering enhancement, and shed light on the extent to which these bounds are achievable. * Corresponding

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“…The reflected signal from the bowtie nanoantennas is collected via the same objective, directed via a multimode optical fibre to a 0.5 m imaging spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SP2500i, grating: 300 l/mm) and analysed with either a Si-CCD camera (Princeton Instruments Spec-10) or InGaAs diode array (Princeton Instruments, OMA V). The differential reflection spectrum is obtained from reflectivity spectra recorded at the position of the bowtie nanoantenna R on and at a position on the bare substrate as a reference R 0 , by calculating (R on −R 0 )/R 0 [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithically integrated single quantum dots coupled to bowtie nanoantennas

et al. 2016

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Deterministically integrating semiconductor quantum emitters [1] with plasmonic nano-devices [2,3] paves the way towards chip-scale integrable [4], true nanoscale quantum photonics technologies [5]. For this purpose, stable and bright semiconductor emitters [6] are needed, which moreover allow for CMOS-compatibility [7] and optical activity in the telecommunication band [8]. Here, we demonstrate strongly enhanced light-matter coupling of single near-surface (< 10 nm) InAs quantum dots monolithically integrated into electromagnetic hot-spots of sub-wavelength sized metal nanoantennas. The antenna strongly enhances the emission intensity of single quantum dots by up to ∼ 16×, an effect accompanied by an up to 3.4× Purcell-enhanced spontaneous emission rate. Moreover, the emission is strongly polarised along the antenna axis with degrees of linear polarisation up to ∼ 85 %. The results unambiguously demonstrate the efficient coupling of individual quantum dots to state-of-the-art nanoantennas. Our work provides new perspectives for the realisation of quantum plasmonic sensors [9], step-changing photovoltaic devices [10], bright and ultrafast quantum light sources [11] and efficent nano-lasers [12].The field of nanoplasmonics [13] has already demonstrated outstanding potential to tailor and enhance electromagnetic fields on sub-wavelength lengthscales [3]. As such it represents the most promising route to interface state-of-the-art electronics with true nano-photonic devices on the same chip [7]. To this end, the study, optimisation and integration of nano-scale plasmonic components, such as antennas [14] and waveguides [4], on highquality semiconductor substrates [15] is essential in order to prove their applicability in real-world applications. Monolithically integrated, self-assembled quantum dots [1] exhibit outstanding electrical and optical properties, they do not suffer from bleaching or blinking and have near-unity internal quantum efficiencies. These properties stem from the efficient decoupling from environmental perturbations in the solid-state matrix material and distinguish self-assembled quantum dots from alternative quantum emitters, such as nitrogen vacancy centres [16], colloidal nano-crystals [6], single molecules [17] or fluorescent dyes [18]. Lithographically defined plasmonic dimer antennas, such as bowties [14], are most prominent amongst the zoo of metallic nanoparticles since they simultaneously provide strong light confinement in subwavelength sized hot-spots, large-range spectral tunability and facilitate electrical access [19] and full control of the emission polarisation [20]. As a result, the quantum dot coupled nanoantennas offer new perspectives to probe light-matter-couplings and cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) effects beyond the point-dipole approximation [21].In this Letter, we coupled individual quantum dots to plasmonic nanoantennas to form a novel cQED-system schematically illustrated in figure 1 (a), which consists of near-surface (d ∼ 10 nm) InAs/AlGaAs quantum dots [22] ...

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Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of single bowtie nano-antennas using a differential reflectivity method

Cited by 54 publications

References 64 publications

Limits to surface-enhanced Raman scattering near arbitrary-shape scatterers

Limits to surface-enhanced Raman scattering near arbitrary-shape scatterers

Inverse design of nanoparticles for enhanced Raman scattering

Monolithically integrated single quantum dots coupled to bowtie nanoantennas

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