Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Mediated Photocatalytic H₂ Generation

Abstract

The limited yield of H2 production has posed a significant challenge in contemporary research. To address this issue, researchers have turned to the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) materials in photocatalytic H2 generation SPR, arising from collective electron oscillations, enhances light absorption and facilitates efficient separation and transfer of electron‐hole pairs in semiconductor systems, thereby boosting photocatalytic H2 production efficiency. However, existing reviews predominantly focus on SPR noble metals, neglecting non‐noble metals and SPR semiconductors. In this review, we begin by elucidating five different SPR mechanisms, covering hot electron injection, electric field enhancement, light scattering, plasmon‐induced resonant energy transfer, and photo‐thermionic effect, by which SPR enhances photocatalytic activity. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview follows, detailing the application of SPR materials‐metals, non‐noble metals, and SPR semiconductors‐in photocatalytic H2 production. Additionally, a personal perspective is offered on developing highly efficient SPR‐based photocatalysis systems for solar‐to‐H2 conversion in the future. This review aims to guide the development of next‐gen SPR‐based materials for advancing solar‐to‐fuel conversion.