Surface plasmon polaritons on soft-boundary graphene nanoribbons and their application in switching/demultiplexing

Forati, Ebrahim; Hanson, George W.

doi:10.1063/1.4822044

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The tremendously enlarged thickness of the multilayer-graphene micro-sheets results in exceedingly enhanced interaction between light and graphene compared with monolayer graphene. 21,44 Moreover, the small size of 800-nm multilayer-graphene micro-sheets and the inhomogeneous surface limit the diffusion of carriers and increase the carrier density per volume. By contrast, ZnO nanoparticles and ITO nanograins have excellent third-order nonlinearity due to quantum size confinement effects on the intensity (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, ultralow power for the all-optical tunability can be obtained relative to previously reported all-optical tunable metamaterials. 6,[18][19][20][21] This study not only provides a scheme to construct large optical nonlinear photonic materials with ultrafast response but also provides opportunities for the realization of lowpower ultrafast photonic devices for integration based on metasurfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

Shi

et al. 2015

Light Sci Appl

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A slow-light effect based on metamaterial-induced transparency (MIT) possesses great practical applications for integrated photonic devices. However, to date, only very weak slow-light effects have been obtained in metamaterials because of the intrinsic loss of metal. Moreover, no active control of slow-light has been achieved in metamaterials. Here, we report the realization of a giant slow-light effect on an ultrathin metasurface that consists of periodic arrays of gold nanoprism dimers with a thickness of 40 nm sandwiched between a multilayer-graphene micro-sheet/zinc oxide nanoparticle layer and a monolayer graphene/polycrystalline indium tin oxide layer. The strong field confinement of the plasmonic modes associated with the MIT ensures a tremendous reduction in the group velocity around the transparency window. A group index of more than 4 3 10 3 is achieved, which is one order of magnitude greater than that of previous reports. A large tunable wavelength range of 120 nm is achieved around the center of the transparency window when the pump light intensity is only 1.5 kW cm 22 . The response time is as fast as 42.3 ps. These results demonstrate the potential for the realization of various functional integrated photonic devices based on metasurfaces, such as all-optical buffers and all-optical switches. INTRODUCTIONThe slow-light effect plays an essential role in the field of nonlinear optics. Typical materials that have been used to achieve the slow-light effect include photonic crystals, optical fibers, and optical microcavities. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, the slow-light effect has been realized based on metamaterial-induced transparency (MIT). 6-11 However, only a small group index of 100 was obtained in photonic metamaterials because of the relatively large intrinsic loss of metal. 6-11 Moreover, various functional integrated photonic devices, including ultrafast all-optical buffers and all-optical switches, require ultrafast control of the slow-light effect. Photonic metasurfaces offer a variety of opportunities to control light using flat and surface components and have attracted wide attention for their great practical applications in the field, such as optical computing, optical communications, and integrated photonic circuits. [12][13][14][15][16][17] To date, no ultrafast active control of the slow-light effect in metamaterials has been reported.In this letter, we report the realization of an ultrafast all-optical tunable giant slow-light effect in an ultrathin metasurface. The metasurface consists of periodic arrays of gold nanoprism dimers sandwiched between a multilayer-graphene micro-sheet/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle layer and a monolayer graphene/polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. The strong field confinement of the plasmonic modes associated with the MIT ensures a large reduction in the group velocity in the transparency window. The enhanced nonlinearity brought about by the quantum confinement (QC) effect provided by the ZnO nanoparticles and polycrystalline ITO nanograins, hot...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

Shi

et al. 2015

Light Sci Appl

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“…The corresponding waveguides constructed on a single flake of graphene [11] by non-uniform conductivity patterns, optical spatial switches [12], splitters [13], and directional couplers [14] have been reported in detail and exhibit indeed better tunability than that consisting of noble metals. On the other hand, the investigation of the SPP modes supported by graphene ribbons [15][16][17] is emerging as a research focus. Two kind of plasmonic modes, waveguide modes and edge modes [18][19][20], have been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, Mid-Infrared Ultra-Narrowband Filtering Effect Induced by Two Coplanar Graphene Strips

Wang

Liu

et al. 2014

Plasmonics

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The two coplanar graphene strips coupling system supported on substrates is proposed and constructed on a monolayer graphene by spatially varying gate voltages. It is investigated numerically by using the finite-difference timedomain method. Simulation results reveal that despite of no traditional ring, disk, and rectangular geometry resonators used usually in metallic plasmonic filters, this structure based on the edge mode propagation exhibits an original, ultranarrowband band-stop filtering effect in the mid-infrared region. This filtering effect results from the novel side-coupled resonator formed by the parallel graphene strips. The transmission spectrum is tuned and modified not only by engineering the locations of gate voltages without re-fabricating structures but also via changing substrates. Simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Our studies hence support the fabrication of ultra-compact planar plasmonic devices in nano-integrated circuits.

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“…In combination with the outstanding character of singleatom thickness and the ability of sub-wavelength light confinement, graphene has become a promising candidate for newgeneration plasmonic materials at the nano-scale [8,9]. A growing number of graphene-based mid-infrared plasmonic devices [10,11] have been proposed and studied numerically. So far, the bending monolayer graphene waveguide [12] has been investigated numerically, and simulation results verify the strong confinement and low losses of graphene plasmons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gate-Tunable mid-Infrared Plasmonic Planar Band-Stop Filters Based on a Monolayer Graphene

Wang

Sun

et al. 2015

Plasmonics

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In this paper, the graphene ribbon bus waveguide side-coupled a coplanar short graphene strip, constructed on a monolayer graphene with substrates by spatially varying external gates, is proposed and investigated numerically by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Simulated results exhibit that the outstanding mid-infrared band-stop filtering effect is realized based on the edge mode resonance in the short strip acting as a perfect Fabry-Perot resonator. By changing the locations of gate voltages to vary the size of the short graphene strip, not only the Fabry-Perot resonance mode is tuned effectively but also the original rectangular-loop resonance mode appears. The changes in the coupling distance and substrates are also used for modulating the transmission spectrum. FDTD results are in excellent agreement with the coupled-mode theory (CMT). The simple structure without doubt is a real electrically controlled plasmonic device. Our studies will support the fabrication of planar nano-integrated plasmonic circuits for mid-infrared optical processing.

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Surface plasmon polaritons on soft-boundary graphene nanoribbons and their application in switching/demultiplexing

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

Tunable, Mid-Infrared Ultra-Narrowband Filtering Effect Induced by Two Coplanar Graphene Strips

Gate-Tunable mid-Infrared Plasmonic Planar Band-Stop Filters Based on a Monolayer Graphene

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