Surface plasma oscillations as a tool for surface examinations

Raether, H.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(67)90085-4

Cited by 85 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The physics of surface plasmons has been described in detail. [11][12][13] Surface plasmons are excited when a metal surface is illuminated under specific conditions that allow wavevector matching at the sample-metal interface. Surface plasmons cannot be excited from air by incident light.…”

Section: Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Using Thin Aluminum Films

et al. 2004

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Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) is the directional radiation of light into a substrate due to excited fluorophores above a thin metal film. To date, SPCE has only been observed with visible wavelengths using silver or gold films. We now show that SPCE can be observed in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum using thin (20 nm) aluminum films. We observed directional emission in a quartz substrate from the DNA base analogue 2-aminopurine (2-AP). The SPCE radiation occurs within a narrow angle at 59° from the normal to the hemicylindrical prism. The excitation conditions precluded the creation of surface plasmons by the incident light. The directional emission at 59° is almost completely p-polarized, consistent with its origin from surface plasmons due to coupling of excited 2-AP with the aluminum. The emission spectra and lifetimes of the SPCE are those characteristic of 2-AP. Different emission wavelengths radiate at slightly different angles on the prism providing intrinsic spectral resolution from the aluminum film. These results indicate that SPCE can be used with numerous UV-absorbing fluorophores, suggesting biochemical applications with simultaneous surface plasmon resonance and SPCE binding assays.Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is widely used for detection of bioaffinity reactions on surfaces. [1][2][3] Surface plasmons are oscillating electrical charges on a metallic surface. When a thin metal film is illuminated through a glass prism, and the angle of incidence is appropriate, the surface plasmons in resonance with the incident light occur at the metal-air or water interface. This results in strong absorption, which is measured as a decrease of reflectivity. The SPR angle is sensitive to the refractive index of the sample above the metal, distal from the glass prism. The origin of this sensitivity is the evanescent field from the plasmons, which penetrates approximately λ/3 into the sample.In several recent reports we described a related phenomenon, surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). 4,5 We found that excited fluorophores near a thin metal surface can couple with the surface plasmons, resulting in directional radiation into the glass substrate. The spectral properties of the radiation were found to be essentially identical to those of the fluorophore, except for a highly p-polarized emission, too large to be due to optical photoselection. The angular dependence of the radiation, as well as the p-polarization, are consistent with radiating surface plasmons, the reverse process of surface plasmon absorption.Our previous studies of SPCE used thin silver 5-7 or gold 8 surfaces. This choice of metals restricts the selection of fluorophores to those absorbing and emitting at visible or longer wavelengths. However, many widely used fluorophores absorb or emit at ultraviolet wavelengths. We now report that SPCE at UV wavelengths can be observed using thin *To whom correspondence should be addressed: lakowicz@cfs.umbi.umd.edu. NIH Public Access MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample PreparationQuar...

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Section: Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Using Thin Aluminum Films

et al. 2004

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“…SPPs are supported at frequencies wherever ε′ is negative. For Pd 2 Si, unlike gold, the probability of SPP generation by electron beams, given by Im[-1/(1-ε)], extends deep into the infrared [8]. Longwave SPPs are also generated efficiently in highly doped Si.…”

Section: Complex Permittivity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Longwave plasmonics on doped silicon and silicides

Soref¹,

Peale²,

Buchwald³

2008

Opt. Express

117

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“…If the metal film becomes thinner than the skin depth of the electromagnetic wave, the plasmon electric fields penetrate the full thickness of the film leading to coupled modes and mode splitting [22]. For such thin films, it is possible to excite surface plasmons using special geometries (Kretschmann, Otto) and appropriately chosen di electrics [8,9].…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Surface Plasmonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), often abbreviated to plasmons, are collective oscillations of the conduction electrons driven by light at the surfaces of metals [8,9]. As such, the plasmons oscillate at optical frequencies, around hundreds of terahertz, and are associated with strong electric fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information

2016

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Surface plasmons excited by light in metal structures provide a means for manipulating optical energy at the nanoscale. Plasmons are associated with the collective oscillations of conduction electrons in metals and play a role intermediate between photonics and electronics. As such, plasmonic devices have been created that mimic photonic waveguides as well as electrical circuits operating at optical frequencies. We review the plasmon technologies and circuits proposed, modeled, and demonstrated over the past decade that have potential applications in optical computing and optical information processing.

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Surface plasma oscillations as a tool for surface examinations

Cited by 85 publications

References 16 publications

Ultraviolet Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Using Thin Aluminum Films

Ultraviolet Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Using Thin Aluminum Films

Longwave plasmonics on doped silicon and silicides

Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information

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