Surface-penetrating radar

Abstract

s fault, and Brown is to be congratulated for attempting to put into one text a very wide-ranging and well integrated review of an important subject in field archaeology. Occasionally reach exceeds grasp, and the sources given for some biological topics, in particular, are not always the most recent or the most useful. Perhaps more could also have been said about estuaries: Brown makes some good points about river valleys as ecotones, and this topic could have been further developed with reference to the floodplain±maritime boundary, perhaps as exemplified by the Swifterbant± Hazendonk settlements in Holland. However, a limit has to be drawn somewhere, and the fact that one wants to see this book extended in its scope is a sign of Brown's success in making his subject matter archaeologically important, and in avoiding the methodological reductionism to which such a text could easily have fallen victim. Alluvial Geoarchaeology should find its way on to the shelves of anyone involved in field archaeology on or close to river systems, and that means most of us.

Thermal structure and drainage system of a small valley glacier (Tellbreen, Svalbard), investigated by ground penetrating radar

“…The antennae were mounted on a wooden sledge perpendicular to the direction of movement with equidistant spacing of one antenna length between them. This was done to minimize line interferences from objects either side of the lines and to optimize the amount of energy transmitted directly into the ground (Annan and Cosway, 1992) as the antenna radiation pattern is that of a half wavelength dipole (Daniels, 1996). A snow scooter was used to tow the sledge and carry the rest of the equipment.…”

“…A snow scooter was used to tow the sledge and carry the rest of the equipment. We used 50 and 100 MHz resistively damped dipolar antennae, with bandwidths equal to their centre frequency (Daniels, 1996). In 2009 and 2010, a Målå radar system with fixed, unshielded 100 MHz antennae was used.…”

Desain Dan Realisasi Stepped Frequency GPR 1-2 GHZ Untuk Aplikasi Deteksi Logam Dalam Tanah

“…Stepped frequency radar (SFR) merupakan teknik penginderaan gelombang mikro yang menarik sebagai alternatif penginderaan dengan impulse radar (IR) untuk memperoleh data parameter hamburan dalam domain waktu secara pita lebar [1,2]. Dengan menggunakan transformasi Fourier balik, data SFR yang berupa magnitude dan fasa dapat diubah menjadi pulsa domain waktu sintetik.…”

“…Keuntungan SFR dibandingkan dengan IR adalah lebih tingginya nilai Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) sehingga mempunyai akurasi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik, juga kesederhanaan implementasi perangkat penerima karena tidak memerlukan laju pencuplikan yang sangat tinggi [1][2]. Sedangkan kerugian SFR dibandingkan dengan IR adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pengumpulan data lebih lambat.…”

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction From Time-Domain Electromagnetic Waves

“…In this paper, based on the forward-backward time-stepping method, we discuss a reconstruction method without requiring the incident waveform information by normalization under an assumption that the received data can be expressed as the convolution of the responses of a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, the media in which the microwave propagates, and the incident pulse [24]. A cost functional that is the energy of residuals between the normalized computed and observed fields is defined.…”