Surface passivation of crystalline silicon solar cells: a review

Aberle, Armin G.

doi:10.1002/1099-159x(200009/10)8:5<473::aid-pip337>3.3.co;2-4

Cited by 150 publications

(206 citation statements)

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“…However, the subsequent thermal steps needed for the fabrication of the inverse opal help to recover part of the passivation quality. In any case, electrical passivation is maintained to S eff values that allow the fabrication of high-efficiency c-Si solar cells [14]. After demonstrating the fabrication of inverse opals without any detrimental effect on surface passivation, we focus on the contact formation to the c-Si base by means of a laser beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser contact through electrosprayed alumina inverse opals on silicon

Coll

Bermejo

Martı́n

et al. 2015

Microelectronic Engineering

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In crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell field, an intensive effort is being paid to reduce the quantity of silicon material used in each cell in order to minimize its costs. With the reduction of wafer thickness, light trapping inside the cSi absorber becomes more and more necessary. Several photonic structures have been proposed underlining their optical properties. However, addressing other technological issues, like contact formation through the photonic structure, is also necessary for their application into finished devices. In this paper we study the viability of laser firing technique to create solar cell base contacts through inverse opals deposited on the previously passivated rear surface of the device as photonic light trapping structures. Firstly, we check out that electrical surface passivation properties are not degraded during the inverse opals fabrication steps. Next, from SEM images we deduce that the inverse opal is mechanically and thermally stable after laser processing. Moreover, reflectance measurements show that optical properties are also maintained. From these results, we can conclude that inverse opal fabrication is compatible with solar cell technology and that contacts can be created by laser means without damaging the surrounding 3D inverse opal structure neither the silicon below it.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser contact through electrosprayed alumina inverse opals on silicon

Coll

Bermejo

Martı́n

et al. 2015

Microelectronic Engineering

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“…Photovoltaic devices generate electricity through conversion of photons absorbed from the sun. To date, several drawbacks, including high cost and low stability under illumination, have been found for commercially available silicon and semiconductor-based photovoltaic devices (Aberle, 2000;Green, 2002). Therefore, CNTs are sought as an alternative material in various solar cell architectures, especially in silicon-based solar cells, organic solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells (as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on carbon nanotubes in an environmental protection and green engineering perspective

Ong¹,

Ahmad²,

Zein³

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

168

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-Recent developments in nanotechnologies have helped to benchmark carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as one of the most studied nanomaterials. By taking advantages of CNTs extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties, a wide variety of applications has been proposed in various engineering fields. In this short review, the contribution of CNTs is addressed in terms of sustainable environment and green technologies perspective, such as waste water treatment, air pollution monitoring, biotechnologies, renewable energy technologies, supercapacitors and green nanocomposites. Consideration of CNTs for large scale application from the aspect of cost and potential hazards are also discussed. Based on the literature studied, CNTs pose a great potential as a promising material for application in various environmental fields.

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“…In order to reduce the cost of silicon solar cells made on expensive wafers (high quality silicon), thinner substrates (to reduce the usage in terms of watt g À1 ) are required. 2,3 A reduction in thickness and surface modification (either by anisotropic 4 or nano-texturisation 5 ) to reduce reflection losses leads to the increase of the surface to volume ratio and, consequently, the surface recombination becomes a dominant loss factor. 6 This affects the solar cell performance parameters adversely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, surface passivation is becoming increasingly important to enhance the performance of both single crystal (c-Si) and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. 2 Passivation reduces surface recombination losses by two ways, i.e., chemical passivation (reduction of the density of electronic surface states) and field effect passivation (the presence of fixed charges in the dielectric layer over the silicon surface that reduces the carrier density underneath the interface of the two). 1,[7][8][9][10] A well passivated surface reduces the recombination of photo-generated carriers in the vicinity of the two surfaces and improves the cell performance parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low thermal budget annealing on surface passivation of silicon by ALD based aluminum oxide films

Vandana

Batra

Gope

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Thermal ALD deposited Al 2 O 3 films on silicon show a marked difference in surface passivation quality as a function of annealing time (using a rapid thermal process). An effective and quality passivation is realized in short anneal duration (B100 s) in nitrogen ambient which is reflected in the low surface recombination velocity (SRV o10 cm s À1 ). The deduced values are close to the best reported SRV obtained by the high thermal budget process (with annealing time between 10-30 min), conventionally used for improved surface passivation. Both as-deposited and low thermal budget annealed films show the presence of positive fixed charges and this is never been reported in the literature before. The role of field and chemical passivation is investigated in terms of fixed charge and interface defect densities.Further, the importance of the annealing step sequence in the MIS structure fabrication protocol is also investigated from the view point of its effect on the nature of fixed charges.

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Surface passivation of crystalline silicon solar cells: a review

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Laser contact through electrosprayed alumina inverse opals on silicon

Laser contact through electrosprayed alumina inverse opals on silicon

A review on carbon nanotubes in an environmental protection and green engineering perspective

Effect of low thermal budget annealing on surface passivation of silicon by ALD based aluminum oxide films

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