Surface Ozone Variability and Trend over Urban and Suburban Sites in Portugal

Kulkarni, Pavan S.; Bortoli, Daniele; Domingue, Ana; Silva, Ana Maria

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0113

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similar variation was observed at the urban sites of Lucknow and Varanasi where monthly average O 3 concentrations were lower than the present site, however, at Lucknow NO x levels were comparatively high and at Varanasi, they were comparable to the present site (Shukla et al 2017). Earlier studies have also reported low levels of NO, NO 2 and NO x , and high levels of ozone at sub-urban sites as compared to urban sites (Kulkarni et al 2016) as the high levels of NO x are released from vehicular sources (containing high levels of NO) leading the destruction of ozone. The monthly average minimum and maximum of O 3 at the present site were higher than the levels at a sub-urban site of Pantnagar (Ojha et al 2012) and comparable to the levels at a rural site of Anantapur (Gopal et al 2014).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of O 3 and Nosupporting

confidence: 86%

Characteristics of surface ozone in Agra, a sub-urban site in Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2018

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In the present study, measurements of surface ozone (O 3) and its precursors (NO and NO 2) were carried out at a suburban site of Agra (27 • 10 N, 78 • 05 E), India during May 2012-May 2013. During the study period, average concentrations of O 3 , NO, and NO 2 were 39.6 ± 25.3, 0.8 ± 0.8 and 9.1 ± 6.6 ppb, respectively. O 3 showed distinct seasonal variation in peak value of diurnal variation: summer > postmonsoon > winter > monsoon. However, NO 2 showed highest levels in winter and lowest in monsoon. The average positive rate of change of O 3 (08:00-11:00 hr) was highest in April (16.3 ppb/hr) and lowest in August (1.1 ppb/hr), while average negative rate of change of O 3 (17:00-19:00 hr) was highest in December (-13.2 ppb/hr) and lowest in July (-1.1 ppb/hr). An attempt was made to identify the VOC-NO x sensitivity of the site using O 3 /HNO 3 ratio as photochemical indicator. Most of the days this ratio was above the threshold value (12-16), which suggests NO x sensitivity of the site. The episodic event of ozone was characterized through meteorological parameters and precursors concentration. Fine particles (PM 2.5) cause loss of ozone through heterogeneous reactions on their surface and reduction in solar radiation. In the study, statistical analyses were used to estimate the amount of ozone loss.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Of O 3 and Nosupporting

confidence: 86%

Characteristics of surface ozone in Agra, a sub-urban site in Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2018

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“…In Germany, an increase of 0.18 ppb year −1 was reported at 79 urban stations over the time period 2005–2018 [ 59 ]. A significant increase in the annual O 3 mean (on average, + 0.29 ppb year −1 ) was found at urban stations in Southern Europe between 2000 and 2010 [ 46 , 65 ]. In France, an increase of + 0.14 ppb year −1 at 76% of urban stations was reported between 1999 and 2012 [ 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban population exposure to air pollution in Europe over the last decades

Sicard

Agathokleous

Marco³

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Eur

191

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Background The paper presents an overview of air quality in the 27 member countries of the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (previous EU-28), from 2000 to 2017. We reviewed the progress made towards meeting the air quality standards established by the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives (European Council Directive 2008/50/EC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines by estimating the trends (Mann-Kendal test) in national emissions of main air pollutants, urban population exposure to air pollution, and in mortality related to exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3). Results Despite significant reductions of emissions (e.g., sulfur oxides: ~ 80%, nitrogen oxides: ~ 46%, non-methane volatile organic compounds: ~ 44%, particulate matters with a diameter lower than 2.5 µm and 10 µm: ~ 30%), the EU-28 urban population was exposed to PM2.5 and O3 levels widely exceeding the WHO limit values for the protection of human health. Between 2000 and 2017, the annual PM2.5-related number of deaths decreased (- 4.85 per 106 inhabitants) in line with a reduction of PM2.5 levels observed at urban air quality monitoring stations. The rising O3 levels became a major public health issue in the EU-28 cities where the annual O3-related number of premature deaths increased (+ 0.55 deaths per 106 inhabitants). Conclusions To achieve the objectives of the Ambient Air Quality Directives and mitigate air pollution impacts, actions need to be urgently taken at all governance levels. In this context, greening and re‐naturing cities and the implementation of fresh air corridors can help meet air quality standards, but also answer to social needs, as recently highlighted by the COVID-19 lockdowns.

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“…In Portugal, surface O 3 pollution has been characterised in many studies [17][18][19][20][21], especially in the northern [17,[22][23][24] and rural regions [13,25,26]. To complete the study area with more recent data and improve O 3 trends' understanding in Portugal, this study aims to (i) determine the evolution of O 3 levels in Portuguese rural stations, focusing on exceedances to legally imposed levels for human and vegetation protection; (ii) compare the relationship between the O 3 concentrations and one of its precursors (NO x ) for different environments; and (iii) evaluate the effect of meteorological conditions in ozone concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Ozone Pollution: Trends, Meteorological Influences, and Chemical Precursors in Portugal

Silva

Pires

2022

Sustainability

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Surface ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant, harmful to human health and vegetation. To provide a long-term study of O3 concentrations in Portugal (study period: 2009–2019), a statistical analysis of ozone trends in rural stations (where the highest concentrations can be found) was first performed. Additionally, the effect of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and meteorological variables on O3 concentrations were evaluated in different environments in northern Portugal. A decreasing trend of O3 concentrations was observed in almost all monitoring stations. However, several exceedances to the standard values legislated for human health and vegetation protection were recorded. Daily and seasonal O3 profiles showed high concentrations in the afternoon and summer (for all inland rural stations) or spring (for Portuguese islands). The high number of groups obtained from the cluster analysis showed the difference of ozone behaviour amongst the existent rural stations, highlighting the effectiveness of the current geographical distribution of monitoring stations. Stronger correlations between O3, NO, and NO2 were detected at the urban site, indicating that the O3 concentration was more NOx-sensitive in urban environments. Solar radiation showed a higher correlation with O3 concentration regarding the meteorological influence. The wind and pollutants transport must also be considered in air quality studies. The presented results enable the definition of air quality policies to prevent and/or mitigate unfavourable outcomes from O3 pollution.

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Surface Ozone Variability and Trend over Urban and Suburban Sites in Portugal

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Characteristics of surface ozone in Agra, a sub-urban site in Indo-Gangetic Plain

Characteristics of surface ozone in Agra, a sub-urban site in Indo-Gangetic Plain

Urban population exposure to air pollution in Europe over the last decades

Surface Ozone Pollution: Trends, Meteorological Influences, and Chemical Precursors in Portugal

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