Surface ozone exposures measured in Finland

Laurila, Tuomas; Lättilä, Heikki

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90026-4

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is concluded that episodes of high ozone concentrations are more deleterious to the birch population after the leaves have differentiated than at the beginning of the growing season. In nature, the acclimation ability of young leaves might be important, since high ozone episodes often occur during the early growing season (Laurila & Lattila, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves

et al. 1996

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St;MMARYClonal birch (Betula peiidula Roth.) seedlings at three different de\ elopmental stages were fumigated for 12 h daily with 50, 90 and 1 30 ppb ozone for 25 d. When transferred to fumigation chambers, the leaves of plant group 1 were almost expanded, in group 2 they were fast enlarging, and in group 3 all the leaves emerged under the exposure. The plants in which the lea\es emerged under the ozone stress were the most resistant to ozone. In groups 1 and 2 ozone treatments reduced the growth of leaf biomass. and induced more visible injuries on leaves and ultrastructural symptoms in chloroplasts than they did in group 3. The stomatai densjt> of leaves increased in response to ozone in all the groups, Tbe effects of ozone on stomatal conductance were complex. In groups 1 and 2 the 50 ppb ozone exposure increased stomatal conductance whereas lowered conductances were observed in group 3 after fumigation with 90 and 130 ppb ozone. The results suggest that the leaves developing under ozone fumigation were better able to tolerate tbe ozone stress, as indicated by unaffected or stimulated growtb and small amounts of \-isible and ultrastructural injuries and stomatal cbanges. It is possible to regard the changes as acclimation reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Finland, ozone concentrations during spring and early summer can vary greatly (Laurila & Lattila, 1994). and the importance of ozone on the development of birch at the beginning of the growing season should be evaluated.…”

Section: Introdl^ctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves

et al. 1996

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“…In addition to SO # exposure, ozone (O $ ) levels over the northern part of Scandinavia in spring and early summer reach 60-130 µg m −$ (Laurila & La$ ttila$ , 1994 ;Rummukainen et al, 1996). Large amounts of heavy metals, particularly Ni (3400 t yr −" ) and Cu (2400 t yr −" ), also originate from these emission sources (Baklanov & Rodjushkina, 1993 ;Kryuchkov, 1993).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

et al. 2000

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The photobiont ultrastructure of the epiphytic lichens Bryoria fuscescens and Bryoria fremontii was studied along the pollution gradient from two Cu-Ni smelters in Nikel and Monchegorsk in northern Finland and north-western Russia. The relationship between ultrastructural characteristics of B. fuscescens and environmental factors (i.e. climate, atmospheric SO # and bark element concentrations) was studied by using a principal component analysis (PCA) aiming to assess the air quality in a northern environment. Based on PCA, increased plasmolysis and mitochondrial changes in the Trebouxia photobiont were significantly correlated with elevated pollutant concentrations. Degenerated cells, showing altered chloroplasts and electron-translucent pyrenoglobuli, occurred in lichens growing 35-50 km from the Monchegorsk smelter. Cell wall and cytoplasmic lipid volumes, and size of pyrenoglobuli, positively correlated with the distance from the Monchegorsk smelter. Vacuoles and electronopaque vacuolar deposits were significantly increased at the Finnish site in the vicinity of a pulp mill. Swelling of mitochondrial cristae and thylakoids showed little correlation with environmental factors, but indicated of initial stage of injuries and were observed at several slightly polluted sites in northern Finland and north-western Russia. The results suggest that the severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with poor air quality.

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“…Ozone concentrations in Finland during the growing season are typically about 60±100 mg m ±3 , the highest monthly means being measured during the late spring and early summer (Laurila and La Èttila È 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light microscopic structure of needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to air pollution and needle element concentrations in S.E. Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, N.W. Russia

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Lumme

Mäenpää

et al. 1998

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Light microscopic structure of needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to air pollution and needle element concentrations in S.E. Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, N.W. RussiaAbstractmThe mesophyll structure of current and second year needles of mature Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), growing on a survey line from the Karelian Isthmus (N.W. Leningrad region, Russia) to S.E. Finland, was studied at the light microscopic level in 1992 and 1994. The area is affected by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from Russia (200 000±285 000 ton/year SO2 and about 100 000 ton/year NOX), Estonia (140 000±320 000 ton/ year SO2 and 30 000±50 000 ton/year NOX) and Finland (6000±9000 ton/year SO2 and 23 000±25 000 ton/year NOX) and by unknown amounts of neutralizing compounds from Estonia. Mean concentrations of SO2 were between 1.0 and 1.5 mg m ±3 and those of ozone between 52 and 61 mg m ±3 during growing seasons of 1991±1994. The concentrations tended to be lower in 1993/94 than in 1991/92. The results showed cellular changes related to exposure to sulphur dioxide, ozone and acid wet deposition. The percentage of cells with injuries related to acid deposition was higher in 1994 than in 1992, possibly due to higher reduction of neutralizing than of acidifying compounds in the main emission areas, while the percentage of cells with injuries related to sulphur dioxide correlated positively with needle sulphur concentrations and showed a declining trend between Karelian Isthmus and S.E. Finland in the needles sampled in 1992. These changes and those related to ozone were considerably less numerous in 1994 than in 1992, possibly on account of the lower concentrations of SO2 and ozone in 1993/94 than in 1991/92, especially in early summer, the time of the most sensitive phase of needle growth. In addition, periods of lower wet deposition in summer 1992, and considerably lower temperatures in autumn/winter 1992 than in 1994 may have enhanced the injuries in the needles collected in October/December 1992, relative to those collected in 1994. The results of the microscopic work agreed well with the simultaneous chemical measurements, pointing to the usefulness of cellular analysis for diagnostic work in the field.

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Surface ozone exposures measured in Finland

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves

The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves

Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

Light microscopic structure of needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to air pollution and needle element concentrations in S.E. Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, N.W. Russia

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