Surface oxygen-deficient Ti2SC for enhanced lithium-ion uptake

Lithium storage performance and mechanism of nano-sized Ti2InC MAX phase

“…Via sonication and annealing, the size of Ti 2 SC was significantly decreased to 100-200 nm, and delivered a specific capacity of 350 mA h g À1 at 400 mA g À1 . 20 Fan et al found that partially etched Ti 3 AlC 2 had much higher specific capacity (160 mA h g À1 , 331.6 mA h cm À3 at 1C) when compared with the fully etched Ti 3 C 2 T x (110 mA h g À1 , 190.3 mA h cm À3 at 1C) and 99% capacity remained even after 1000 cycles, which was, at least in part, ascribed to the alloying of the residual Al in the unetched Ti 3 AlC 2 . 19 Gogotsi et al reported the similar performance profile of Nb 2 SnC to other MAX phases mentioned above; they investigated the interaction of Nb 2 SnC with Li ions, and found that alloying reaction between the Sn-atom layer in the MAX phase with Li ions can break down the MAX phase particles, and therefore led to an increased capacity from 87 to 150 mA h g À1 after 600 charge/ discharge cycles.…”

Defect Engineering of Hexagonal MAB Phase Ti2InB2 as Anode of Lithium‐Ion Battery with Excellent Cycling Stability

“…It is regrettable that research on using MAX or MAB phases as battery electrodes is still in its very early stages. The Li‐storage performance of MAX phases has only been evaluated for a few compositions such as Ti 2 SC, [ 13 , 14 ] Ti 3 SiC 2 , [ 15 ] Ti 3 Si 0.75 Al 0.25 C 2 , [ 16 ] Ti 2 SnC, [ 17 , 18 ] V 2 SnC, [ 19 ] and Nb 2 SnC. [ 20 ] In 2019, Fokwa et.al., [ 21 ] reported that ort ‐MAB phases Ni 2 ZnB and Ni 3 ZnB 2 can be directly used as anodes for LIBs without the need for exfoliation, offering a new avenue for low‐cost applications of MAB phases.…”

Fabrication of Nano-sized Cr2GaC with a Bottom-Up Approach for Lithium Storage

“…A family of layered transition-metal carbides or/and nitrides, called MAX phases (short for M n +1 AX n and usually, n = 1, 2, or 3), where M is an early transition metal, A is often from groups 13–16, and X is C and/or N, − have raised much attention due to their intrinsically integrated metallic and ceramic properties, which endows them with potentials for multidisciplinary applications. − In addition, recently, there have been many studies on MAB, , a layered material similar to MAX phases. Moreover, the A-site atoms usually possess superior capacities for lithium storage, and the robust MAX matrix could enable a satisfactory cyclic life. − However, the conventional synthesis strategies often result in large particles, which leads to underutilization of active sites and poor electrical contact between particles, ultimately limiting its comprehensive electrochemical performance. According to the previous reports, nanosized MAX phases with the improving utilization of active atoms were usually obtained via ball milling process, while the continuous mechanical forces may lead to a significant agglomeration, even decomposition. − Therefore, a rational design of the well-distributed nanosized MAX phases is necessary.…”