Surface Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Effect in Antiferromagnetics

Spectroscopic and magnetic susceptibility analyses of the 7FJ and 5D4 energy levels of Tb3+(4f8) in TbAlO3

“…The energy distribution of these quasi-doublets leads to the magnetic properties that are characteristic of TbAlO 3 . Others have shown that the ground-state of Tb 3+ in TbAlO 3 is a quasi-doublet consisting of two singlet states of different symmetry (A and B) [5,11,14]. In the absence of a magnetic field (Zeeman spectroscopy) to further separate these levels, it is difficult to determine the symmetry labels of excited Stark levels based on transition selection rules applied to the polarized absorption spectra.…”

“…The Tb 3+ ions occupy low-symmetry sites (C s ) that experience a crystal field environment leading to a large anisotropy in the magnetic moments [5,[11][12][13][14]. Consequently, investigating the magnetic properties of Tb 3+ (4f 8 ) in the stoichiometric compound represents part of the rational for the present study.…”

“…The spectroscopic and magnetic properties of rare-earth (RE) ortho-aluminates (REAlO 3 ), including isostructural YAlO 3 doped with RE ions, have attracted attention through their application as magneto-optical switches, lowtemperature refrigerators, and as laser host materials [1][2][3][4][5]. Kaminskii has remarked that YAlO 3 is the second most successful RE laser host material, surpassed only by the garnet, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) [6].…”

“…In Tb 3+ -doped crystals of the garnets, phosphates, and oxides, where the cation sites have low symmetry, pairs of nearly degenerate Stark levels are commonly found, especially in the ground-state manifold 7 F 6 [26]. The distribution of these so-called ''quasi-doublets'' within the manifold is instrumental in establishing the magnetic properties of the material, especially at low temperature [1,5]. The quasi-doublets can be investigated in greater detail by analyzing the Zeeman and magneto-optical spectra, as we have done earlier for Tb 3+ in Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 and Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 [24].…”

Magnetic photonic crystals

“…For example, it is well known that light passing through a magnetic medium is right-handed and left-handed elliptically polarized for arbitrary propagation directions. Also, with the changing of the mutual orientation between the light wave vector k and magnetization vector M under external dc magnetic field action it is possible to change the light polarization state from elliptically polarized modes to circularly polarized modes (if k M), and to TE-and TM-modes (if k⊥M, and M is perpendicular to the light propagation plane) [8,9]. The other important peculiarity of light propagation in a magnetic medium is nonreciprocity; reciprocity is the property of being able to change the polarization state of light (left-handed becoming right-handed, and vice versa) when the sign of k is changed [8][9][10].…”