Surface Morphology of Leukemic Cells as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Polliack, Aaron; Gurfel, Dorit; Leizerowitz, Rachel; Gamliel, Haim

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2823-0_23

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…After 6 hr, a majority of membrane sheets were solidly stained with a wrinkled appearance; by scanning electron microscopy, ruffling of entire oligodendrocyte membranes was observed. By 24 hr, the membrane sheets were contracted, and entire oligodendroglial surfaces consisted of bulbous protrusions that are very similar in appearance to structures induced by ConA on T-lymphocytes (Polliack et al, 1976) and to structures present in caps induced by antiimmunoglobulin (anti-Ig) antibody on B-lymphocytes (Karnovsky and Unanue, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibody to galactocerebroside alters organization of oligodendroglial membrane sheets in culture

Dyer

Benjamins

1988

J. Neurosci.

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Antibodies to galactocerebroside (GalC) cause major changes in the organization of the membrane sheets elaborated by murine oligodendroglia in culture. Exposure of oligodendroglia to rabbit anti-GalC IgG for 15 min followed by fluoresceinated second antibodies results in patches of surface GalC staining; when second antibodies are applied after 2 hr of anti-GalC, the pattern of staining on membrane sheets is solid and wrinkled. Anti-GalC exposure for 24 hr results in contracted membrane sheets. No membrane contraction is detected in cultures treated with anti-sulfatide IgM or anti-proteolipid protein IgG. In cultures exposed to anti-GalC continuously for 4-7 d, there is a marked decrease in numbers of extended membrane sheets with an accompanying increase in contracted sheets. This effect is reversible upon removal of anti-GalC from the culture media. By scanning electron microscopy, normally flat membrane sheets appear ruffled after 2 hr of anti-GalC treatment; by 24 hr, contracted membrane sheets consist entirely of bulbous protrusions. Oligodendrocyte membranes exposed to anti-sulfatide for 24 hr are not contracted but are covered with bulbous protrusions. The organization of underlying membrane structures was examined in relation to membrane patching and sheet contraction. In membranes with patching induced by exposure to anti-GalC for 15 min, the anti-GalC: GalC complexes are localized over cytoplasmic MBP domains, with the unstained areas located above cytoplasmic microtubular structures. Membrane sheets that are contracted in response to anti-GalC exposure for 6-24 hr show intense GalC staining over microtubular structures. Anti-GalC exposure does not change metabolism of GalC; in cultures incubated with 3H-galactose and anti-GalC for 24 hr, there are no alterations in GalC labeling compared with control cultures. In summary, these results provide direct evidence that interaction between surface glycolipids and external antibodies can initiate a sequence of events leading to dramatic changes within the oligodendrocyte.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibody to galactocerebroside alters organization of oligodendroglial membrane sheets in culture

Dyer

Benjamins

1988

J. Neurosci.

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Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: Utility in the diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders

Polliack¹,

Leizerowitz²

1983

Hematological Oncology

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SUMMARYThis review is based on the findings of multiparameter studies performed on cells obtained from over 200 cases of leukemia and illustrates the wide range of laboratory tests currently available for cell phenotype identification. Immunological techniques are not discussed and the review deals mainly with light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The importance of light microscopic cytochemistry is clearly demonstrated. In particular, paranuclear acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and diaminopeptidase staining are recommended as reliable T-cell markers. Ultrastructural identification of unclassified leukemic cells using techniques to detect myeloperoxidase. acid phosphatase, platelet peroxide (PPO) and NSE, is shown to be of great importance in cases of early myelo-monoblastic differentiation with negative light microscopic cytochemistry.SEM is also shown to be a reliable means of distinguishing lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukemia when some degree of differentiation is present. However SEM does not appear to contribute in the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia. The new scanning immunoelectron microscopy (SIEM) technique employing heteroantisera or monoclonal antibodies conjugated to latex microspheres (immunolatex) to detect surface receptors and specific antigens is also illustrated. This technique displays the topography of surface antigens on the cell surface of leukemic cells in 3-dimension and facilitates simultaneous visualization of the surface architecture of the labelled cells.

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The Effect of Cultivation and Interferon Treatment on the Surface Morphology of Hairy Cell Leukemia Cells

Gamliel

Hiraoka

Golomb

1987

Cancer Investigation

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The ability of interferon to induce alterations in the surface morphology of malignant B cells from 4 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) was investigated under scanning electron microscopy. Peripheral blood hairy cells showed the same surface features as those isolated from spleens involved with HCL, and constantly exhibited both ruffles and microvilli. Cultured hairy cells displayed extreme polarization of their surface microprojections, and very active surfaces with elongated microvilli and broad-based ruffles were evident. All 4 cases of HCL were treated with recombinant human leukocyte interferon in vitro, and one-third of the HCs from 3 cases displayed deformed surfaces with "bubbling" membrane and altered microprojections. Most of these IFN-treated hairy cells appeared to be larger in size compared to the untreated control cells, and frequently showed a villous bud-like formation at their extremity. The possibility that these unique surface alterations reflect IFN-induced changes in the cytoskeletal proteins and/or membrane components is discussed in light of the clinical efficacy of in vivo IFN treatment in HCL.

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Surface Morphology of Leukemic Cells as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Antibody to galactocerebroside alters organization of oligodendroglial membrane sheets in culture

Antibody to galactocerebroside alters organization of oligodendroglial membrane sheets in culture

Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: Utility in the diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders

The Effect of Cultivation and Interferon Treatment on the Surface Morphology of Hairy Cell Leukemia Cells

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