Surface modification using semi-sintered electrodes on electrical discharge machining

Surface modification by electrical discharge machining: A review

“…11. Results of electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) test on S15C low-carbon steel after machining with semi-sintered copper-tungsten electrode (at Ip = 10 A, Pon = 50 s and duty factor = 0.5, machining time = 900 s; Chen et al, 2008). dendritic precipitates of titanium carbide on the machined surface.…”

“…Fig. 11 shows the results of electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) test conducted on low-carbon steel (S15C) after machining with semi-sintered copper-tungsten electrode (Chen et al, 2008). Mohri et al (1993) carried out surface modification on workpieces of carbon steel and aluminium using composite electrodes of copper, aluminium, tungsten carbide and titanium in hydrocarbon oil.…”

Titanium carbonitride coating by pulsed electrical discharge in an aqueous solution of ethanolamine

“…Such hardness is lower than that of TiC obtained by EDM with a Ti power green compact electrode [7]. However, it is still higher than that of WC obtained by EDM with a semi-sintered electrode consisting of Cu−W powders made through powder metallurgy [11]. Obviously, such high hardness is beyond the strengthening effect of quenched martensites transferred from the carbon steel substrate.…”

“…They usually consist of material vapors from the surface of eroding work material and tool electrode and pyrolysis of the dielectric, which significantly affect the surface composition after machining and consequently, its properties. Due to such distinctive advantages such as high-efficiency, low cost and feasibility of deliberate material transfer, EDM has been used for creating several binary hard coatings such as titanium carbide (TiC) [7,9], titanium nitride (TiN) [10] and tungsten carbide (WC) [11]. Using TiC powder electrodes, Tsunehisa Suzuki and Seiya Kobayashi successfully formed TiC layer with high adhesion against high-speed steel and discussed the adhesion mechanism of TiC powder from the shape and composition distribution of the discharge crater and the voltage and current waveforms at the time of discharge [9].…”

Electrical Discharged Coating by Spark Plasma Sintered Tungsten Porous Electrode

“…Therefore, depending on the processing conditions, it is possible to coat a workpiece with the tool electrode material. Using this phenomenon, a technique of surface modification by electrical discharge machining has been reported, using silicon, sintered TiC, metal composite, or semi-sintered compact as the tool electrode [5][6][7][8] . Furthermore, Sumi et al have confirmed the formation of a tungsten layer using vacuum-sintered tungsten as the tool electrode, and have clarified its hardness properties 9) .…”