Surface modification of reduced graphene oxide‐polyaniline nanotubes nanocomposites for improved supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract

In the present work, irradiation with high energetic ions has been used for surface, structural, and morphological modifications of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polyaniline nanotubes (PAniNTs) nanocomposites with a view to enhance their electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrode. High-resolution transmission electron microscope micrographs depict defect induced fragmented morphology with stable inner hollow tubes up to a fluence of 2.2 × 10 12 ions cm −2 , above which drastic degradation of PAniNTs is observed. Irradiation induced annealing effects and structural disorder at varied irradiation fluences have been investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Formation of shorter PAniNTs of higher surface area due to generation of ion irradiation induced defects and their reorganization results in increased Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area and porosity.Surface energy and wettability of the electrodes increase upon ion irradiation, which improves electrode-electrolyte interaction at the interface. Surface free energy calculations indicate increased concentration of polar groups on the nanocomposite electrode surface upon irradiation. Electrochemical performance studies indicate enhancement in specific capacitance and cyclic stability from 448 F g −1 and 89% for unirradiated nanocomposite to 482 F g −1 and 92%, , respectively, for the nanocomposite irradiated at 2.2 × 10 12 ions cm −2 fluence, which is attributed to the increased surface energy and porosity upon irradiation giving rise to increased electrochemically active sites for charge storage in the electrode.

Electrical nanocomposites of PA6/ABS/ABS‐MA reinforced with carbon nanotubes (MWCNTf) for antistatic packaging

“…The growing demand for modern engineering materials for advanced applications and the fact that pure polymers generally do not have the properties required for certain highperformance functions has driven the manufacture of new materials. [1][2][3] An area of particular importance is polymer nanocomposites, defined as a polymer matrix having an embedded dispersed phase with at least one of its dimensions in the nanoscale. [4,5] The dispersion of small nanofiller contents (0.5%-5%) provides significant improvements in the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, magnetic, and electrical properties of polymers.…”

Tuning the performance of PA6/EPDM‐MA nanocomposites reinforced with Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Effect of the mixing protocol on mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, magnetic, and morphological behavior

“…PA6, commercial code B300 ® , flow rate of 2.9 g/10 min (235 C/2.16 kg) and density of 1.13 g/cm 3 , as pellets supplied by ThaThi Polymers.…”

“…[1,2] In parallel, the interest in nanotechnology has led to an accelerated growth of polymeric nanocomposites, due to their special properties such as high tensile strength, flame retardant, low gas permeability, and high thermal stability. [3][4][5] Polymeric nanocomposites comprise a class of materials formed by inorganic substances with nanometric dimensions, which are finely dispersed within the polymeric matrix, [6] whereas addition of nanofillers at low contents can provide the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties, thermal and dimensional stabilities, as well as flame retardancy. [7] Among polymeric nanocomposites, great attention has been given to the polyamide 6 (PA6) ones due to its feasibility in applications such as automotive, packaging, anti-corrosion, and textile products.…”

Inherent Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Biomass of Tamarind Leaf for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Application

“…According to Wang and coworkers, the pseudocapacitance of metal oxides is nearly 10–100 times more than electric double‐layer capacitance. [ 8 ] Although there have been several reports on the improved capacitance of the EDLCs using metal oxides [ 9,10 ] polymers, [ 11,12 ] surface‐modification techniques, [ 13,14 ] redox‐electrolytes, [ 15,16 ] etc., desirable bulk‐scale production is not yet achieved. Recently, researchers have established that the presence of heteroatoms in a carbon framework [ 17 ] gives rise to redox pseudocapacitance and also improves conductivity and wettability of the porous carbon.…”

“…According to Wang and coworkers, the pseudocapacitance of metal oxides is nearly 10-100 times more than electric double-layer capacitance. [8] Although there have been several reports on the improved capacitance of the EDLCs using metal oxides [9,10] polymers, [11,12] surface-modification techniques, [13,14] redox-electrolytes, [15,16] etc., desirable bulk-scale Herein, oxygen-and nitrogen-doped porous carbon material using tamarind leaves via simple chemical activation and carbonization process are presented. Subsequently, the as-obtained material has not only exhibited a 3D hierarchical honeycomb-like framework but equally reveals a high specific surface area of 1212 m 2 g À1 .…”