Surface modification of nano-sized carbon black for reinforcement of rubber

Abstract

The standard sample IRB7# of nano-sized carbon black was reated by different methods, including washing by alcohol, toluene, water, the emulsion of toluene and water, and heating. Surface activity of the obtained nanoparticles was measured using inverse gas chromatography. The results showed that the dispersion free energy could be significantly increased after heating. The surface activity of three kinds of industrial carbon black was studied after heat treatment at different temperature. The results indicated that surface activity, iodine adsorption number and nitrogen surface area values of carbon black nanoparticles increased with the increase of temperature. However, the dibutyl phthalate adsorption value maintained nearly constant. The performance test of rubber showed that with the increasing heat treatment temperature of carbon black, 300% modulus of rubber increased before 450°C and decreased after 450°C.

Effect of annealing heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of nonequiatomic CoCrFeNiMo medium-entropy alloys prepared by hot isostatic pressing

“…where VEC i is the VEC of each component and c i is the concentration of each component in Co 28 In addition, the formation and the stability of the solid solution can be predicted by the enthalpy of mixing, and the previous studies found that the formation of phases and the segregation of the elements could be determined by the enthalpy of mixing between the elements [53,54]. The enthalpy of mixing between the elements is presented in Table 4.…”

“…Meanwhile, the change situation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and Mo elements is shown in Figure 9. Compared with as-sintered alloys, the contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and Mo elements in the FCC phase and μ phase do not change much, indicating that annealing at low temperature has no obvious influence on the chemical composition of microstructure inCo 28 respectively. The SEM-BSE images of the microstructure in as-annealed alloys are shown in Figure 10a-c.…”

“…Cr 21.5 Fe 20 Ni 26 Mo 4 MEAs have excellent thermal stability.5 ConclusionsIn this study, the nonequiatomic Co28.5 Cr 21.5 Fe 20 Ni 26 Mo 4 MEAs produced by hot isostatic pressing sintering were proposed. The effect of the annealing heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of MEAs was investigated.…”

“…Because the VEC value of Cr and Mo elements is 6, they belong to the BCC phase stabilizer. In this study, the VEC value of Co28.5 Cr 21.5 Fe 20 Ni 26 Mo 4 MEAs is…”

“…[27], and so it is applied to fabricate the Co 28.5 Cr 21.5 -Fe 20 Ni 26 Mo 4 MEAs in this experiment. At the same time, to explore the thermal stability of MEAs, the effect of the annealing heat treatment with diverse annealing temperatures (500, 550, 600, 800, 850, 900, 1,100, 1,150, and 1,200°C) on the microstructure and properties of the MEAs was investigated [28]. Subsequently, the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Co 28.…”