Abstract:To acquire a deeper understanding of surface chemistry of fly ash along with thermal activation, the states of mineral phases, water and -OH groups on silica are studied in fly ash at different calcination temperatures by DR/FTIR spectroscopic technique. DR/FTIR spectroscopy allows differentiation of various types of bonds in a material on a molecular level. The spectroscopic results are also supported by XRF, XRD and SEM analysis. Studied fly ash was collected from Jamshedpur Thermal Power Station as an extre… Show more
“…16 The heavy and trace metals present in fly ash can become more stable and inert beyond 800 C. 17 Katara et al reported the thermal surface activation of fly ash and also observed the color change, which is possibly due to the transformation of magnetite to hematite above 600 C. 18 …”
The study aimed to modify the fly ash surface and its effective use as filler for polymer composites. As received fly ash surface has modified through beneficiation and milling process. Various characterization studies were conducted to understand the applicability of milled fly ash in polymer composite applications and to understand its structural changes in surface morphology. The particle size distribution curves of milled fly ash showed the narrow size distribution and a mean particle size of below 1 m with three hours of milling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of fly ash as a function of milling time have been studied and found that quartz crystallite size was reduced to 29 nm from 36 nm. The peak broadening and decreased intensity at 26.7 2 represents the breakdown of quartz phase during milling. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of milled fly ash showed the increased reactivity of fly ash with the formation of silanol groups on the surface. The morphological changes in fly ash surface with milling were monitored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified fly ash filled polypropylene composite has shown better mechanical properties and hence, suggesting the effective utilization of modified fly ash in polymer composite applications.
“…16 The heavy and trace metals present in fly ash can become more stable and inert beyond 800 C. 17 Katara et al reported the thermal surface activation of fly ash and also observed the color change, which is possibly due to the transformation of magnetite to hematite above 600 C. 18 …”
The study aimed to modify the fly ash surface and its effective use as filler for polymer composites. As received fly ash surface has modified through beneficiation and milling process. Various characterization studies were conducted to understand the applicability of milled fly ash in polymer composite applications and to understand its structural changes in surface morphology. The particle size distribution curves of milled fly ash showed the narrow size distribution and a mean particle size of below 1 m with three hours of milling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of fly ash as a function of milling time have been studied and found that quartz crystallite size was reduced to 29 nm from 36 nm. The peak broadening and decreased intensity at 26.7 2 represents the breakdown of quartz phase during milling. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of milled fly ash showed the increased reactivity of fly ash with the formation of silanol groups on the surface. The morphological changes in fly ash surface with milling were monitored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified fly ash filled polypropylene composite has shown better mechanical properties and hence, suggesting the effective utilization of modified fly ash in polymer composite applications.
“…Results are supported by the findings of Sarkar et al (2006) that strong mineral bands (Si-O-Si= Si-O stretching) are observed at 1,031-1,095 cm À1 in all the fractions of Indian fly ash (magnetic=non-magnetic) that marks the presence of kaolinite, quartz, and mullite. The peak observed at 2,887 cm À1 and above could be assigned to C-H stretching vibration of organic contaminants or some hydrocarbon present in fly ash, whereas the peak observed at 3,096-3,553 cm À1 corresponds to O-H bonding (Katara et al 2013). Previous FTIR studies report that coal fly ash modified with humic substances could be evaluated for …”
Coal fly ash procured from Guru Gobind Singh Super Thermal Power Plant, Ropar, Punjab, India, was analyzed for its mineralogical content and thermal stability by x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and physicochemical properties. XRD studies showed that major crystalline phases observed were quartz (SiO 2 ) and aluminum silicon oxide (Al 4.52 Si 1 . 48 ) with macro-and microelement (N, P, K, Mg, Zn, S, and Fe). Fly ash showed thermal stability up to 500 C and reduction in weight was up to 200 C, primarily due to loss of water and decarboxylation as revealed by TGA plots. FTIR of fly ash showed that the most prominent peaks in the spectra corresponded to Si-O and Al-O stretch vibrations. Coarse-grain accumulation of fly ash indicated the presence of 70% of fine-grained particles of 0.075 mm. Coal fly ash was alkaline in nature (pH 7.85 AE 0.03) with an electrical conductivity of 0.14 AE 0.02 mS m À1 , water holding capacity of 62%, low bulk density of 0.99 g cm À3 , and a surface area of 0.96 m 2 g À1 . With properties similar to that of soil coal, fly ash represents a suitable material for use in specific quantities as a soil amending agent in agriculture.
“…The nonmagnetic fraction was calcinated for 2 h at 800 C to remove the unburnt carbon, unwanted organic salts, and to stabilize the trace elements present in fly ash. 19 The calcinated fly ash fraction obtained from the first stage was milled thorough highenergy planetary ball mill (PULVERISETTE, FRITSCH, Germany). Fly ash was milled for maximum of 60 h and samples were collected at every 20-h interval and analyzed for the size distributions and to optimize the milling parameters.…”
Fly ash, a waste generated from thermal power plant, can be used as reinforcing agent for polymer composite applications due to its fine particle size and abundant availability. This article highlights the experimental findings of modification of fly ash to convert its size from micro to nano and its nanocomposites preparation through melt blending technique based on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as matrix material. The nanostructured fly ash (NFA) developed through mechanical milling is characterized to understand its viability toward the filler material in polymer composites. The study showed that the NFA produced after 40 h of milling has a broken rougher surface with improved amorphous nature. Further, a detailed study on the properties of ABS nanocomposites reinforced with NFA has been conducted. ABS/NFA composites at 7 wt% loading have showed better thermomechanical properties. These results are further supported with the fractured surface analysis of nanocomposite using various morphological techniques. The outcome of this study suggests the potential use of nano fly ash to develop sustainable polymer nanocomposites for high-end industrial applications.
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