Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

Abitbol, Tíffany; Marway, Heera S.; Cranston, Emily D.

doi:10.3183/npprj-2014-29-01-p046-057

Cited by 102 publications

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“…6, [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The surface modification routes we have developed are water-based and scalable leading to, for example, hydrophobic, responsive, biomimetic, and crosslinkable CNCs. [51][52][53][54][55] Although we have targeted advanced applications such as industrial coatings, 56,57 tissue scaffolds, 6,48,50 energy storage 2,58 water purification 59 and food and cosmetics, [44][45][46][47] we remain committed to thorough characterization of CNC particles and interfaces. This has included characterization of chemical, physical, mechanical and selfassembly properties, 34,52,[60][61][62] as well as the development of new methods to predict and assess CNC dispersion.…”

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Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

2016

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Abstract:The renewability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have made them an attractive material for numerous composite, biomedical and rheological applications. However, for CNCs to shift from laboratory curiosity to commercial applications, researchers must transition from CNCs extracted at the bench scale to material produced at an industrial scale. There are a number of companies currently producing kilogram to ton per day quantities of sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed CNCs, as well as other nanocelluloses, as described herein.With the recent intensification of industrially produced CNCs, the variety of cellulose sources, hydrolysis methods and purification procedures, characterization of these materials becomes critical. This has further been justified by the past two decades of research which demonstrate that CNC stability and behaviour is highly dependent on surface chemistry, surface charge density and particle size. This work outlines key test methods that should be employed to characterize these properties to ensure a "known" starting material and consistent performance.Of the sulfuric acid-extracted CNCs examined, industrially produced material compared well with laboratory-made CNCs, exhibiting similar charge density, colloidal and thermal stability, crystallinity, morphology and self-assembly behaviour. In addition, it was observed that further purification of CNCs, using Soxhlet extraction in ethanol, had minimal impact on nanoparticle properties and is unlikely to be necessary for many applications. Overall the current standing of industrially produced CNCs is positive suggesting that the evolution to commercial scale applications will not be hindered by CNC production.

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Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

2016

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“…The unmodified CNC was synthesized and stored at 4°C for further use. For the modification of CNC, the method given by Huang et al was followed with some minor modifications. Initially, 2 g (1 wt%) of CNC was dispersed in distilled water, and the pH of the solution was maintained to 10 by adding 0.5 M aqueous NaOH.…”

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Melt‐blending of unmodified and modified cellulose nanocrystals with reduced graphene oxide into PLA matrix for biomedical application

Pal

Banerjee

Roy

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this article, we successfully fabricated the bionanocomposites using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced into biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix through melt-mixing method. Due to the affinity difference between hydrophilic CNC and hydrophobic PLA, the surface modification of CNC was employed using quaternary ammonium salts (CTAB) as a surfactant. The nanocomposites were developed using different blend ratios of CNC/modified CNC (1, 2, and 3) wt% and (0.5 wt%) rGO into the polymer matrix. The morphology of CNC, q-CNC (modified CNC), and nanocomposites were inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). It is demonstrated from tensile tests that, the nanocomposite with 1 wt% CNC and rGO showed maximum tensile strength compared with PLA and its nanocomposites.Moreover, the nanocomposite with 1 wt% CNC and rGO was also having maximum thermal stability. From cytotoxicity evaluation, it is observed that all the nanocomposites are nontoxic and cytocompatible to HEK293 cells. In addition to this, the nanocomposite with q-CNC showed enhanced barrier properties compared with PLA and PLA/CNC/rGO nanocomposite. The results obtained from different characterizations showed that the incorporation of surfactant onto CNC improved the dispersion in PLA but at the same time deteriorated the PLA matrix. KEYWORDScellulose nanocrystal, melt-mixing, polylactic acid, quaternary ammonium salt

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“…Surfaktan kationik memiliki interaksi paling baik antara gugus amina dari surfaktan dengan gugus ester sulfat pada nanokristal selulosa [10]. Nanokristal selulosa yang dimodifikasi dengan surfaktan kationik membentuk suspensi yang stabil di dalam etanol serta viskositasnya lebih tinggi dari nanokristal murni tanpa mempengaruhi sifatnya sebagai penguat [8,11].…”

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Compatibility of Celluloce Nanocrystal Modified Cetrimmonium Chloride (CTAC) in Polylactic Acid Matrix as Packaging Material

et al. 2019

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Growth of population increases the consumption of nonbiodegradable plastic which causes waste buildup. Diversion of plastic material from nonbiodegradable material to biodegradable is an important alternatif. PLA is a plastic polymer that is easily degraded but very brittle. Palm oil waste containing oil palm empty bunches has the potential as a reinforcement material because the cellulose content is 30-40%. Minimizing size to nanoscale will increase the surface area and dispersion ability of cellulose dispersibility into the PLA polymer matrix, thus increasing compatibility in terms of and mechanical properties and surface morphology of the composite. Hydrolysis by strong acid and centrifugation at 5000 rpm succeeded in making cellulose nanocrystal with index of polidisperse 0.5 and average particle diameter of 7.967 nm. CTAC as a solubilizer and surface modifier agent successfully made interaction to cellulose nanocrystal as confirmed on absorption at wave number 2850 cm3, 2960 cm3 and 720 cm3. Modified At the fixed CTAC concentration of 0.2 mol, the best mechanical properties of CNC-PLA composites were obtained in the composition ratio of 90: 10 with tensile strength of 26.295 MPa, elongation break of 68.18%, and Young modulus of 0.387 Gpa. The greater the CTAC added to nanocrystal cellulose, the lower the reinforcement value and the less reduction. Based on the results of morphology surface characterization, PLA surfaces required for degradation were obtained.

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Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

Melt‐blending of unmodified and modified cellulose nanocrystals with reduced graphene oxide into PLA matrix for biomedical application

Compatibility of Celluloce Nanocrystal Modified Cetrimmonium Chloride (CTAC) in Polylactic Acid Matrix as Packaging Material

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