Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Lactone Monomers via Plasma-Induced Polymerization and Their Application in ABS Nanocomposites

León, Ramón Díaz de; Guzmán, Ediberto; González, Ricardo López; Elizondo, Alejandro Díaz; Magaña, Ilse; Neira, Guadalupe; Facio, Adali Castañeda; Valencia, Luis

doi:10.3390/polym13162699

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the starch–chitosan biodegradable films, the presence of a peak at 22.42° was an indication of the crystalline nature of the CNC nanoparticle [ 6 , 20 , 42 ], being more visible when the concentration of nanocrystals was 2.5% ( w / w ) and higher. These nanocrystals correspond mainly to type I cellulose, which has a high crystallinity index, as observed through a diffraction peak at 20.5° [ 43 ], which was visible in the films developed in this study with CNC contents of 5, 7 and 10% ( w / w ). In the control films, a behavior corresponding to a more amorphous material was observed, which became more crystalline, that is, more ordered with the incorporation of the CNC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Corn Starch–Chitosan Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals

et al. 2022

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Packaging materials play an essential role in the preservation and marketing of food and other products. To improve their conservation capacity, antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth are used. Biopolymers such as starch and chitosan are a sustainable alternative for the generation of films for packaging that can also serve as a support for preservatives and antimicrobial agents. These substances can replace packaging of synthetic origin and maintain good functional properties to ensure the quality of food products. Films based on a mixture of corn starch and chitosan were developed by the casting method and the effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at different concentrations (0 to 10% w/w) was studied. The effect of the incorporation of CNC on the rheological, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, as well as the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposite films, was evaluated. A significant modification of the functional and antimicrobial properties of the starch–chitosan films was observed with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. The films with CNC in a range of 0.5 to 5% presented the best performance. In line with the physicochemical characteristics which are desired in antimicrobial materials, this study can serve as a guide for the development this type of packaging for food use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Corn Starch–Chitosan Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals

et al. 2022

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“…The surface hydroxyl groups of CNCs allow various chemical modifications such as oxidation, silylation, esterification, or polymer grafting. Hence, suitable plasticizers − or additives such as dopants − are used to bring flexibility, or a polymer as a soft matrix is incorporated to provide efficient binding with the CNCs to impart toughness in the nanocomposite films. − The surfaces of CNCs can also be modified with appropriate linkers to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the hard and soft phases, leading to efficient energy dissipation, crack propagation, and stress transfer. − Therefore, the combination of superior mechanical properties, the ability to self-assemble into bouligand structures, and surface modification makes CNCs promising reinforcing building blocks for bioinspired and mechanically robust nanocomposites …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Nanocomposites of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Polydopamine-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals for UV-Protective Packaging

Lodhi,

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Bioinspired nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention as robust, lightweight, and functional materials for various applications. These bioinspired materials contain high fractions of reinforcements and form highly ordered hard/soft nanocomposite structures with balanced molecular interactions. Herein, we fabricate bioinspired ternary nanocomposites of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polydopamine (PDA)-modified cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) with bouligand-type architectures via water-borne evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The surfaces of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were coated with PDA polymer to improve the interfacial adhesion between CNCs and CMC. We tune the structure formation and material properties by using different feed ratios of polymer-to-CNCs. Material properties were tailored further in ternary nanocomposites by balancing CMC and PDA amounts within the total polymer content at a given feed ratio. CMC–DCNC ternary nanocomposites with higher CNC content exhibit better-ordered structures, synergistic mechanical performances, and improved functional properties than CMC–CNC binary nanocomposites. CMC–DCNC nanocomposites with 70 wt % CNC loading show excellent mechanical strength (183 ± 36 MPa) and stiffness (15 ± 0.5 GPa) at 20% relative humidity (RH), placing these materials among the top-end of CNC-based bioinspired nanocomposites reported so far. Due to the stable and efficient interfacial interactions between DCNCs and CMC, ternary nanocomposites demonstrate comparatively much higher mechanical properties than CMC–CNC and pristine CMC films, even at higher RH (50 and 80% RH). Crack propagation studies using field-emission scanning electron microscopy display different crack growth and toughening mechanisms like crack deflection, layered delamination, and microcrack generation, resulting in synergistic mechanical improvement in the ternary nanocomposites. Due to the presence of PDA, CMC–DCNC nanocomposites also exhibit higher thermal stability, UV-shielding properties, free-radical scavenging ability, and water vapor barrier properties, which are essential characteristics for packaging materials. Thus, CMC–DCNC nanocomposites prepared from sustainable building blocks using a bioinspired design strategy show potential as robust, green, UV-protective films for food packaging.

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“…These characteristics limit the functionality and application range of CNCs, and so the chemical modification of CNCs is necessary. CNCs have commonly required chemical modification methods such as non-covalent bonding surface modification, esterification modification, silylation modification, cationic modification, and graft copolymerization modification [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Silylation methods have been widely used for the hydrophobic modification of CNCs, and silylation is a form of crosslinking modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sugarcane Bagasse

Tang

Chen

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The present study aimed to optimize the process for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid hydrolysis and its subsequent modification with L-malic acid and silane coupling agent KH-550. The effects of the different modification methods and the order of modification on the structures and properties of bagasse CNCs were explored. The results indicated that the optimal process conditions were achieved at an acid-digestion temperature of 50 °C, a reaction time of 70 min, an ultrasonic power of 250 W, and a volume fraction of 55%. The modified CNCs were analyzed using infrared spectral, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques, which revealed that L-malic acid was attached to the hydroxyl group on the CNCs via ester bond formations, and the silane coupling agent KH-550 was adsorbed effectively on the CNCs’ surfaces. Moreover, it was observed that the modification of the CNCs by L-malic acid and the KH-550 silane coupling agent occurred only on the surface, and the esterification–crosslinking modification method provided the best thermal stability. The performance of self-made CNC was found to be superior to that of purchased CNC based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the modified esterified-crosslinked CNCs exhibited the best structure and performance, thereby offering a potential avenue for the high-value utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane sugar production, and the expansion of the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse.

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Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Lactone Monomers via Plasma-Induced Polymerization and Their Application in ABS Nanocomposites

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Corn Starch–Chitosan Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Corn Starch–Chitosan Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Bioinspired Nanocomposites of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Polydopamine-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals for UV-Protective Packaging

Extraction and Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sugarcane Bagasse

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