Surface modification of biomedical Mg-Ca and Mg-Zn-Ca alloys using selective laser melting: Corrosion behaviour, microhardness and biocompatibility

Yao, Xiyu; Tang, Jincheng; Zhou, Yinghao; Atrens, Andrej; Dargusch, Matthew S.; Wiese, Björn; Ebel, Thomas; Yan, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jma.2020.08.011

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the studies of Li et al [18], the microhardness values obtained under the load of 9.8 N for the Mg 5.8 Zn 0.5 Zr x Yb (x = 0, 1.0, and 2.0) alloys were not higher than 81 HV. It should be mentioned that in the other works, the microhardness values measured with the same load conditions as in our studies were lower, compared with the studied alloy, and equaled 57 ÷ 58 HV for AZ91D [33], 46 ± 1 HV for Mg-0.6Ca, 47 HV for Mg-1Ca [33], and Mg-0.5Ca-0.3Zn alloys [34]. Riaz et al [35] showed that the addition of calcium, zinc, and rare earth metals (i.e., Yb) into Mg alloys increases the hardness, which was confirmed by the results presented in this work.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 59%

The Influence of Rapid Solidification on Corrosion Behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 Alloy for Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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Biodegradable magnesium alloys with Zn, Yb, Ca and Sr additions are potential materials with increased corrosion resistance in physiological fluids that ensure a controlled resorption process in the human body. This article presents the influence of the use of a high cooling rate on the corrosion behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 alloy proposed for medical applications. The microstructure of the alloy in a form of high-pressure die-casted plates was presented using scanning electron microscopy in the backscattered electrons (BSEs) mode with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) qualitative analysis of chemical composition. The crystallization mechanism and thermal properties were described on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. The corrosion behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 alloy was analyzed by electrochemical studies with open circuit potential (EOCP) measurements and polarization tests. Moreover, light microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the corrosion products formed on the surface of studied samples. On the basis of the results, the influence of the cooling rate on the improvement in the corrosion resistance was proved. The presented studies are novel and important from the point of view of the impact of the technology of biodegradable materials on corrosion products that come into direct contact with the tissue environment.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 59%

The Influence of Rapid Solidification on Corrosion Behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 Alloy for Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Various efforts have been made to improve the casting process and consequently the mechanical properties of MgCa alloys [39]. However, no matter how much the process can be improved, it must be considered that the eutectic lamellar phases that originate will always be present in the incorporation of Ca to Mg. Homogenization due to improvements in the foundry offers to improve the biocompatibility [24,[115][116][117]; however, the characteristics of the morphologies reported indicate a strong inclination towards fragility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Fabrication and Experimental Validation of an Mg - 25Ca - 5Zn Alloy Proposed for a Porous Metallic Scaffold

Becerra

Torres–Castro

2021

Crystals

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This paper proposes the bio-fabrication of a porous scaffold from a selection procedure of elements taking into account biological behavior, using magnesium (Mg) alloyed with calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). The proposed scaffold could work as a treatment for specific pathologies in trauma and oncology, on the one hand, in addition to possible applications in osteosynthesis, through contrib-uting to osseointegration and infection control through the release of drugs. Finally, another pos-sible attribute of this alloy could be its use as a complementary treatment for osteosarcoma; this is due to the basification produced by oxidative degradation (attack on cancer cells). The evaluation of cell viability of an alloy of Mg - 25 wt% Ca - 5 wt% Zn will strengthen current perspectives on the use of Mg in the clinical evaluation of various treatments in trauma and oncology. Considera-tions on the preparation of an alloy of Mg - 25 wt% Ca - 5 wt% Zn and its morphological charac-terization will help researchers understand its applicability for the development of new surgical techniques and lead to a deeper investigation of alternative treatments. However, it is very im-portant to bear in mind the mechanical effect of elements such as Ca and Zn on the degradation of the alloy matrix; the best alternative to predict the biological-mechanical potential starts with the selection of the essential-nutritional elements and their mechanical evaluation by mi-cro-indentation due to the fragility of the matrix. Therefore, the morphological evaluation of the specimens of Mg - 25 wt% Ca - 5 wt% Zn will show the crystallinity of the alloy; these results to-gether contribute to the design of biomedical alloys for use in treatments for various medical spe-cialties. The results indicated that cell viability is not affected, and there are no morphological changes in the cells.

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“…According to the Hall-Petch theory, both factors contributed to the lower strength. [36,37] The ductility increased significantly by up to %70%.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selective Laser Melting of Cu–10Sn–0.4P: Processing, Microstructure, Properties, and Brief Comparison with Additively Manufactured Cu–10Sn

Yao

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

Self Cite

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Cu and Cu alloys are important materials with extensive industrial applications in fields such as electronics, construction, and transportation. [1] Tin bronze (Cu-Sn) was one of the earliest alloys used by humans, [2,3] and offers outstanding wear and corrosion resistance. It is widely employed in the marine industry, [4,5] and as a bearing material. [6] Cu-Sn alloys are also used in electrical connectors and electronic components due to their good machinability. [7] Phosphorus (P) is commonly used as an alloying element in Cu-Sn alloys at doping levels of up to 0.5 wt%, and offers various beneficial effects at optimal concentrations. [8][9][10][11] Specifically, P doping can potentially lead to a lower stacking fault energy for an easier plastic deformation, [8] an enhanced wear resistance due to grain boundary phase formation to refine grain size, [9] an improved melt property due to lower viscosity, [10] and purified melt due to oxygen scavenging from the Cu matrix. [10,11] In contrast, Cu-Sn alloys with a Sn content above 5 wt% tend to generate a brittle δ phase within the microstructure, which lowers the plasticity. Thus, casting has become the most popular fabrication technique for high-Sn-Cu alloys (e.g., Cu-10Sn). [11] However, as-cast Cu-10Sn is prone to defects such as low densification, shrinkage cavities, microcracks, and severe segregation, thus advanced manufacturing processes are required. [12,13] Alternatively, recently developed laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing techniques can be used for the manufacturing of Cu-Sn alloys. They offer several advantages, including free-form fabrication without molds, friendly working environment, and short production cycles. [14][15][16] Many studies have investigated the production of high-quality parts from various materials using AM. However, Cu and Cu alloys are often regarded as highly reflective materials, particularly for near-infrared (NIR) laser beams, which can result in poor laser absorptivity. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Gu et al. [23] used selective laser sintering (SLS) to print Cu-10Sn and Cu-8.4 P components, whereas Mao et al. [13] used selective laser melting (SLM) to manufacture Cu-15Sn parts with a relative density of 99.6% at a laser power of 187 W, scanning speed of 185 mm s À1 , and 0.17 mm of hatch space. Furthermore, a bimetallic structure consisting of 316L stainless steel and Cu-10Sn was produced using SLM. [24,25] SLS and SLM are laser-based AM technologies, whereas selective electron beam melting (SEBM) uses an electron beam as the heat source to melt the feedstock powder to overcome the poor laser absorptivity of many Cu and Cu alloys. [26] However, SEBM normally has a lower forming accuracy and surface roughness than SLM. [14,15,26] Overall, currently SLM offers several advantages, but SLM-prepared Cu and Cu alloys (e.g., Cu-10Sn) can also

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Surface modification of biomedical Mg-Ca and Mg-Zn-Ca alloys using selective laser melting: Corrosion behaviour, microhardness and biocompatibility

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

The Influence of Rapid Solidification on Corrosion Behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 Alloy for Medical Applications

The Influence of Rapid Solidification on Corrosion Behavior of Mg60Zn20Yb15.7Ca2.6Sr1.7 Alloy for Medical Applications

Bio-Fabrication and Experimental Validation of an Mg - 25Ca - 5Zn Alloy Proposed for a Porous Metallic Scaffold

Selective Laser Melting of Cu–10Sn–0.4P: Processing, Microstructure, Properties, and Brief Comparison with Additively Manufactured Cu–10Sn

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