Surface Modification of Bioactive Glass Promotes Cell Attachment and Spreading

Abstract

Phosphate glasses have several advantages over traditional silicate-based bioglasses but are inferior in the crucial step of cell attachment to their surface. Here, as a proof of concept, we analyze fibroblast attachment to the phosphate glass surface subjected to basic treatment and silanization. Silicate (S53P4)-and phosphate (Sr50)-based bioactive glasses were either untreated or surface-treated with basic buffer and functionalized with silane. The surface-treated samples were studied as such and after fibronectin was adsorbed on to their surface. With both glass types, surface treatment enhanced fibroblast adhesion and spreading in comparison to the untreated glass. The surface-treated Sr50 glass allowed for cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading to a similar extent as seen with S53P4 and borosilicate control glasses. Here, we show that surface treatment of bioactive glass can be used to attract cell adhesion factors found in the serum and promote cell−material adhesion, both important for efficient tissue integration.

Effect of Low Copper Doping on the Optical, Cytocompatible, Antibacterial, and SARS-CoV-2 Trapping Properties of Calcium Phosphate Glasses

“…It is important to highlight that the status, instead of the number of deposited ECM proteins, can be important in cell adhesion on surfaces because when the proteins are adsorbed by hydrophobic surfaces, they are in a denatured state and their geometry does not allow them to promote cell adhesion. ,, It is notable that the presence of copper ions did not decrease cell adhesion and growth. This ion is reported in the literature to be involved in promoting cell differentiation, osteogenic-related gene expression, and also ECM protein deposition such as fibronectin and collagen type I. − To assess the impact of the addition of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial copper ion, the bioglasses were tested against five of the most infective bacterial pathogens and against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This was to evaluate whether the presence of a very low concentration of copper (1 mol %) would be effective, given that the current agreed position in the literature is that the minimum concentration required for antibacterial and virucidal activities is 2 mol %. ,, The analyses were performed on planktonic cultures removed from the scaffolds and on planktonic bacteria that remained attached to the surface.…”

“…31,44 Indeed, it is known in the literature that a high level of hydrophilicity allows the adhesion of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to surfaces. 44,50 Eukaryotic cells when adhered on scaffolds could spread on the surface by depositing ECM proteins, 44,49,50 thanks to the prehydration of surfaces that ameliorate the initial chance for cells to adhere on surfaces. 44 It is important to highlight that the status, instead of the number of deposited ECM proteins, can be important in cell adhesion on surfaces 44 because when the proteins are adsorbed by hydrophobic surfaces, they are in a denatured state and their geometry does not allow them to promote cell adhesion.…”

“…44 It is important to highlight that the status, instead of the number of deposited ECM proteins, can be important in cell adhesion on surfaces 44 because when the proteins are adsorbed by hydrophobic surfaces, they are in a denatured state and their geometry does not allow them to promote cell adhesion. 44,49,50 It is notable that the presence of copper ions did not decrease cell adhesion and growth. This ion is reported in the literature 48 to be involved in promoting cell differentiation, osteogenic-related gene expression, and also ECM protein deposition such as fibronectin and collagen type I.…”

“…Copper is an important element and is essential for many enzymes and important cofactors of the human body. , Notwithstanding the acknowledged usefulness of copper for cells, it is necessary to strictly control quantities, either to introduce or release, as high doses of Cu 2+ ions increase ROS production and consequently decreases cell viability. ,,, A fibroblast cell line was used to assess bioglass cytocompatibility. The obtained results confirmed the cytocompatibility of both scaffolds: both formulations presented a roughness lower than 2 μm and possessed sufficient levels of surface hydrophilicity and, as such, were demonstrated to support the adhesion and growth of eukaryotic cells. , Indeed, it is known in the literature that a high level of hydrophilicity allows the adhesion of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to surfaces. , Eukaryotic cells when adhered on scaffolds could spread on the surface by depositing ECM proteins, ,, thanks to the prehydration of surfaces that ameliorate the initial chance for cells to adhere on surfaces . It is important to highlight that the status, instead of the number of deposited ECM proteins, can be important in cell adhesion on surfaces because when the proteins are adsorbed by hydrophobic surfaces, they are in a denatured state and their geometry does not allow them to promote cell adhesion. ,, It is notable that the presence of copper ions did not decrease cell adhesion and growth.…”

In vitro Evaluation of a 20% Bioglass-Containing 3D printable PLA Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The calcium concentration was about 0.35 nmol/µL after 7 days of incubation of a BG20 sample. Moreover, it is conceivable that the BG particles alter roughness of the PLA surface, which could facilitate the attachment of MSCs[ 43 ]. This is clearly indicated by the SEM images with the increased cell affinity with increasing BG content ( Figure 4 ).…”