SURFACE MODIFICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM RICE HUSK FOR ENHANCING THE NICKEL(Ni2+) AND CADMIUM (Cd2+) ADSORPTION CAPACITY

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of a variety of pollutants. AC is extensively used for adsorption because its high surface area is welldeveloped internal micro porosity. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal condition of the surface modification process of activated carbon from rice husk (ACRH) using HNO 3 . That increase the functional group, and improve affinity towards certain contaminants of ACRH for increasing the adsorption capacity of Ni 2+ and Cd 2+. Two factors were taken into account as: the concentration of HNO 3 (1, 3, and 5 M), reaction time (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours). The results showed that the optimal condition of the surface modification process was derived at the equilibrium concentration of HNO 3 = 3 M and the equilibrium reaction time = 4 hour. Interestingly, in comparison with the control sample (ACRH not modified), the adsorption capacity of Ni 2+ and Cd 2+ increased from 10.0 to 17.2 mg/g and 10.4 to 29.6 mg/g, respectively.This adsorption capacity of modified ACRH shows the increase significantly.