Surface modification of a PVDF membrane by cross-linked collagen

Abstract

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was modified by a low temperature plasma treatment and grafted with cross-linked collagen. The crosslinker of collagen was glutaraldehyde. The effects of glutaraldehyde concentration, crosslinking time and crosslinking temperature on membrane properties and surface structure were investigated. The properties of the modified membrane were characterized by the contact angle and pure water flux. The surface structure of the membrane dyed with an acid dye was observed by a polarizing microscope. The modified membrane was further characterized concerning permeability and adsorption capacity. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein. The cell culture ability of the membrane was examined by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. The amount of grafted collagen on the membrane surface reached the maximum when collagen was cross-linked with 0.4 wt% glutaraldehyde for 1 h at 35 C. The BSA adsorption capacity and cell culture ability examination indicated that the PVDF membrane grafted with cross-linked collagen had good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.

Highly Efficient One-Step Protein Immobilization on Polymer Membranes Supported by Response Surface Methodology

“…Surface modification of membranes has been investigated extensively in order to modify the surface hydrophilicity ( Subasi and Cicek, 2017 ), introduce advanced functionalities ( Nasef, 2004 ), or improve blood compatibility ( Mollahosseini et al, 2020 ). Many methods have been studied, of which protein grafting is a widely used approach ( Fang et al, 2010 ; Zhu et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Riyasudheen et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Wu et al, 2014 ; Akashi and Kuroda, 2015 ; Mayuri et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Subsequently, a wet-chemical coupling reaction might be carried out to bind the biomolecules ( Schulze et al, 2017 ; Schmidt et al, 2018 ). Nevertheless, the methods published so far have considerable drawbacks that are diametrically opposed to future industrial applications ( Kang et al, 1993 ; Ladavière et al, 1999 ; Fang et al, 2009 ; Fang et al, 2010 ; Zhu et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Riyasudheen et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Wu et al, 2014 ; Akashi and Kuroda, 2015 ; Vitola et al, 2015 ; Wu et al, 2018 ; Mayuri et al, 2020 ): 1) modifications are performed in multi-step batch reactions; 2) often require several expensive or toxic coupling chemicals like acrylates, carbodiimide, or glutaraldehyde; 3) take many hours up to several days to complete; 4) involve harsh reaction conditions; or 5) are limited to selected types of polymer substrates. Therefore, protein-modified polymer materials still fall short of their true potential due to a lack of cost-effective and highly scalable manufacturing strategies.…”

Crosslinked PVDF‐HFP‐based hydrophobic membranes incorporated with CNF for enhanced stability and permeability in membrane distillation

“…MD laboratory‐scale system was utilized by considering NaCl aqueous solution of 30 g/L concentration as the feed stream solution. As per our previous studies, the feed stream solution temperature has been maintained at 70 °C in a hot‐water bath, whereas the cold permeate side was controlled at 20 °C by re‐circulating distilled water . It was observed that the effective membrane area was 100 cm 2 (with specifications: 10 cm × 10 cm).…”

“…Hence, production of polymeric materials with the correct crosslinker is important. GLA reduces membrane swelling while also improving its mechanical properties …”

“…GLA reduces membrane swelling while also improving its mechanical properties. 12,13 Increasing reliance upon desalination of sea water to meet the demands of ever-growing population mandates the need for efficient membranes with low fabrication cost, high mechanical stability, good selectivity, and permeability. 14 Owing to this, CNFs were used as fillers in the current study, considering their economical cost, high surface area (with open ended hollow structure), and stable mechanical properties to increase the strength of the polymeric membrane.…”