Surface Modification of 2D Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion

Abstract

2D materials show many particular properties, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, high anisotropic degree, and adjustable chemical functionality. These unique properties in 2D materials have sparked immense interest due to their applications in photocatalytic systems, resulting in significantly enhanced light capture, charge‐transfer kinetics, and surface reaction. Herein, the research progress in 2D photocatalysts based on varied compositions and functions, followed by specific surface modification strategies, is introduced. Fundamental principles focusing on light harvesting, charge separation, and molecular adsorption/activation in the 2D‐material‐based photocatalytic system are systemically explored. The examples described here detail the use of 2D materials in various photocatalytic energy‐conversion systems, including water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and organic synthesis. Finally, by elaborating the challenges and possible solutions for developing these 2D materials, the review is expected to provide some inspiration for the future research of 2D materials used on efficient photocatalytic energy conversions.

State-of-the-art advancements of atomically thin two-dimensional photocatalysts for energy conversion

“…To date, considerable reviews concerning ultrathin 2D photocatalysts have been published, involving development of modification strategies for 2D nanomaterials, 23,24 enhancement of CO 2 photoreduction, 25 charge steering and surface defect engineering. 26,27 Despite these reviews, a timely systematic overview of atomically thin 2D photocatalysts is still pressingly necessary, covering the synthetic methods, characterization techniques, and fundamental mechanisms of adjusting and controlling the strategies for boosting the overall photoconversion efficiency and improving product selectivity.…”

Facile preparation of BiOI/T-ZnOw p–n heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced removal efficiency for rhodamine B and oxytetracycline

“…Because the BiOI/T-ZnOw composite has a higher photocatalytic activity and photocurrent response than T-ZnOw and BiOI, it can be inferred that a p-n À via a reduction process. [48][49][50] The holes in the valence band of BiOI are directly involved in the oxidation of OTC. Ultimately O 2 À , OH and h + are jointly involved in the photodegradation of OTC.…”

Surface decorated Ni sites for superior photocatalytic hydrogen production

“…Therefore, developing cost-efficient and highly active alternatives to Pt is urgently expected. 13,14 The development of precious metal-free cocatalysts that can be readily used for low-cost and pilot system design is thus significantly favored but still challenging to date. Generally speaking, charge separation through the capture of electrons by a cocatalyst affords the most powerful strategy to enhance the hydrogen evolution rates in the reaction solution.…”