Surface modification minimizes the toxicity of silver nanoparticles: an in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

Currently toxicological research in Silver nanoparticle is a leading issue in medical science. The surface chemistry and physical dimensions of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) play an important role in toxicity. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of Ag-NPs as well as the alteration of toxicity profile due to surface functionalization (PEG and BSA) and the intracellular signaling pathways involved in nanoparticles mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo system. Ag-NPs released excess Ag ions leads to activation of NADPH oxidase and helps in generating the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Silver nanoparticles elicit the production of excess amount of ROS results activation of TNF-α. Ag-NPs activates caspase-3 and 9 which are the signature of mitochondrial pathway. Ag-NPs are responsible to decrease the antioxidant enzymes and imbalance the oxidative status into the cells but functionalization with BSA and PEG helps to protect the adverse effect of Ag-NPs on the cells. This study suggested that Ag-NPs are toxic to normal cells which directly lead with human health. Surface functionalization may open the gateway for further use of Ag-NPs in different area such as antimicrobial and anticancer therapy, industrial use or in biomedical sciences.

Layer‐By‐Layer Coating of Aminocellulose and Quorum Quenching Acylase on Silver Nanoparticles Synergistically Eradicate Bacteria and Their Biofilms

“…The toxicity of AgNPs greatly depends on their concentration, size, shape, surface chemistry/coating and dissolved silver ions from the NPs. [ 44 ] Here, to benefit from the outstanding performance of AgNPs in terms of microbial elimination and at the same time minimize their toxicity, we engineered in a “safe by design” approach novel biomaterial‐coated AgNPs. Functionalization of the AgNPs with biocompatible and antibacterial polymers and enzymes is a promising strategy to change the AgNPs toxicity profile and boost their bactericidal properties.…”

“…Functionalization of the AgNPs with biocompatible and antibacterial polymers and enzymes is a promising strategy to change the AgNPs toxicity profile and boost their bactericidal properties. [ 44 ]…”

Nanotoxicologia De Nanopartículas De Prata: Toxicidade Em Animais E Humanos

“…41 NPs de Ag são responsáveis por diminuir as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e desequilibrar o estado oxidativo nas células, entretanto, a funcionalização da superfície dessas nanopartículas com albumina do soro bovino (BSA) e polietileno glicol (PEG) ajuda a proteger o efeito adverso de NPs de Ag nas células, indicando que a modificação da superfície das nanopartículas é fator importante na sua toxicidade. 42 Ressalta-se que outro aspecto relevante na modificação da superfície das NPs de Ag em meio biológico são as proteínas corona, que podem mudar completamente sua a atividade e toxicidade das nanopartículas. 43…”

Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of Nanomaterials on Cancer Cell Lines: A Review

“…A novel approach to reduce cytotoxicity against normal cells is the functionalization or modification of AgNP surface [16]. Extensive research has been conducted to validate the hypothesis that AgNPs could inhibit angiogenesis, a complex process that is involved in the formation of new blood vessels and tumor progression [31].…”

“…Toxicity concerns have, however, slowed their faster development and translation. Green chemistry or biologically mediated synthesis of coated metallic NPs is on the rise, and consequently their nanotoxicity evaluation on biological media has been pursued and published [15,16].…”