Surface Modification Effects of Carbon Black on Reinforced Natural Rubber

Serizawa, Hajime; Nakamura, Takehusa; Ito, Masayoshi; Tanaka, Koji; Nomura, Akimasa

doi:10.1295/polymj.15.543

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The study of spin±spin relaxation times T 10 2 , although based on a new experimental approach, yielded results which are in agreement with previously published results. 21,24,33,38 The occurrence of short T 10 2s and long T 10 2l spin±spin relaxation times observed whatever the sample indicates the presence of species exhibiting different mobilities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution solid‐state NMR investigation of the filler–rubber interaction: 2. High‐speed [1H] magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in carbon‐black‐filled polybutadiene

et al. 2001

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This work investigates the behaviour of elastomeric chains (polybutadienes of identical molecular weight but different microstructures) in the close vicinity of carbon black surfaces in order to attain a better understanding of the structure and properties of interphases. Elastomer±®ller interactions are assessed through the study of the thermal properties and NMR relaxation characteristics of the corresponding materials. Three series of samples were compared: pure polymers, raw polymer±®ller blends (®ller loading ratio: 50 phr) and solvent-extracted blends (so as to get rid of any polymer which is not under the in¯uence of the solid surface). While differential scanning calorimetry points to the existence of an elastomer fraction which is not detected as undergoing the glass transition, ie is strongly immobilized, [ 1 H] high-resolution high-speed magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR provides information on the effect exerted by polymer±®ller interactions on the mobility of the various constitutive species of the macromolecular backbone. A systematic study of the evolution of the spectral lines yielded by the samples indicates that 1,2-polybutadiene moieties have a particular af®nity towards the carbon black surface which suggests the occurrence of speci®c interactions at the elastomer±®ller interface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution solid‐state NMR investigation of the filler–rubber interaction: 2. High‐speed [1H] magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in carbon‐black‐filled polybutadiene

et al. 2001

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“…We know that there is a bound rubber layer of several nm in thickness near the surface of CB and that this bound rubber is closely related to the filler gel 3–5. Even though the bound rubber has been studied much by using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time (T 2 )6–9 and tangent loss (tan δ) of dynamic viscoelasticity,10 no one has been able to confirm exactly where the bound rubber is in CB‐filled rubber vulcanizates and to examine its effect on mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal destruction of carbon black network structure in natural rubber vulcanizate

Kato¹,

Suda²,

Ikeda³

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To investigate thermal destruction and rearrangement of the carbon black (CB) network consisting of CB aggregates in rubbery matrix, the proper heat-treatment temperature without thermal decomposition of rubber matrix were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical measurements, and thermal expansion measurements. 383 K was chosen as the heat-treatment temperature under vacuum. The volume resistivity (q v ) of 50 phr CB-filled natural rubber vulcanizate (CB-50) increased rapidly up to a heat-treatment time of 24 h and it decreased by further heat-treatment time, whereas the q v of CB-80 remained almost constant without depending on heating time. Three-dimensional electron microscope (3D-TEM) observations revealed that after the heat-treatment for 75 h, the average lengths of the crosslinked and the branched chains and the crosslinked points density (D cross ) of the CB network decreased, whereas the branched points density (D branch ) increased with decrease of D cross . After the heat-treatment, their fractions (F cross 0 s) of crosslinked chains decreased, whereas their fractions (F branch 0 s) of the branched ones increased. Especially, F branch of CB-50 became larger than that of CB-80, while the decrease of F cross of CB-50 was almost the same as that of CB-80 by the heat-treatment. And, F cross and F branch of the heat-treated CB-50 were the same compositions (F cross and F branch ¼ ca. 0.7 and ca. 0.3, respectively) as those of the heat-treated CB-80. It is suggested that the CB network of CB-80 is more thermal stable than that of CB-50. These results directly indicate that CB network is broken and is rearranged by a heat-treatment.

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“…Much research [6][7][8] have been reported about the surface modification of carbon black to reduce the aggregation of carbon black, increase the activity of carbon black surface, and thus enhance the interaction between carbon black and rubber matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earth compounds modified carbon black filled powdered natural rubber: Preparation, morphology and properties

Lin

Zhang

Wang

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ten types of rare earth (RE) compounds modified carbon black (HAF-RE) were prepared using chemical-deposit method, then HAF-RE were mixed with natural rubber latex to prepare HAF-RE filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF-RE)] by a carbon black/rubber latex coagulation method. It is found that most of the P(NR/HAF-RE) vulcanizates showed better mechanical properties, especially higher tensile modulus, and tensile strength, compared with none-rare earth modified carbon black filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF)]. Dysprosium (Dy) modified carbon black (HAF-Dy) filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF-Dy)] was chosen for intensive investigation because of its better comprehensive mechanical properties. It is found that the adding of Dy compounds could help to get smaller particles with narrower particle size distribution, and results from the SEM analysis show that carbon black has been dispersed in rubber matrix uniformly with diameter of 50-150 nm. The TEM analysis showed that Dy compounds could obviously reduce the aggregation of primary particles of carbon black, and promote the dispersion of carbon black in P(NR/HAF-Dy) particles.

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Surface Modification Effects of Carbon Black on Reinforced Natural Rubber

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

High‐resolution solid‐state NMR investigation of the filler–rubber interaction: 2. High‐speed [1H] magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in carbon‐black‐filled polybutadiene

High‐resolution solid‐state NMR investigation of the filler–rubber interaction: 2. High‐speed [1H] magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in carbon‐black‐filled polybutadiene

Thermal destruction of carbon black network structure in natural rubber vulcanizate

Rare earth compounds modified carbon black filled powdered natural rubber: Preparation, morphology and properties

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