Surface Modification and Functionalities for Titanium Dental Implants

Abstract

Dental implants have become the mainstream strategy for oral restoration, and implant materials are the most important research hot spot in this field. So far, Ti implants dominate all kinds of implants. The surface properties of the Ti implant play decisive roles in osseointegration and antibacterial performance. Surface modifications can significantly change the surface micro/nanotopography and composition of Ti implants, which will effectively improve their hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, antibacterial performance, etc. These optimizations will thus improve implant success and service life. In this paper, the latest surface modification techniques of Ti dental implants are systematically and comprehensively reviewed. The various biomedical functionalities of surface modifications are discussed in-depth. Finally, a profound comment on the challenges and opportunities of this frontier is proposed, and the most promising directions for the future were explored.

Improving osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of titanium implants with black phosphorus nanosheets‐hydroxyapatite composite coatings for vascularized bone regeneration

“…[10][11][12] Therefore, antibacterial coatings should be applied to the surfaces of implants to reduce postoperative complications. [13][14][15][16][17] Recently, black phosphorus (BP) is widely concerned because they have unique physico-chemical properties like a straight band gap, excellent electrical conductivity, and strong biodegradability. 18,19 Lately, it was discovered that BP has certain intriguing therapeutic uses, including photothermal treatment, medication transport, and bone regeneration.…”

Silver-deposited titanium as a prophylactic ‘nano coat’ for peri-implantitis

“…The latter is difficult to commercialize due to the higher cost and low stability of the obtained surface. 12 Metals have been used extensively for the surface modication of dental implants owing to their chemical stability, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and lower bacterial resistance. 16,17 Sputtering is a widely used technique for the deposition of pure metals and metal alloys thin lms on various surfaces to achieve antibacterial properties.…”

“…The physical surface modification of implants includes strategies that change in the native surface properties such as surface roughness, surface energy, chemical properties, and wettability to achieve better osseointegration and bacterial killing. 12 …”

Titanium Surface Modification Techniques to Enhance Osteoblasts and Bone Formation for Dental Implants: A Narrative Review on Current Advances

“…This ultimately leads to secondary stability, which refers to biological fixation achieved through continuing bone growth and remodeling around the implant surface [12]. There are three key variables that contribute to the achievement of secondary stability (Figure 1): (1) Osteogenesis: this process requires osteoblasts to adhere and grow on the surface of the implant; (2) Suppressing peri-implant inflammation: managing and reducing inflammation around the implant is essential; and (3) Antibacterial properties: enhancing the ability of the implant to resist bacterial growth is crucial [13]. The most important element for achieving these properties, as mentioned above, is the surface condition of the implants.…”

“…Proper surface modification plays a significant role in improving the surface topography and composition of the implant. These modifications aim to provide suitable roughness, wettability, and antibacterial activity, thereby promoting the attachment of osteoblasts to the implant surface and facilitating a complete osseointegration process [13]. Our research question is whether the various established titanium surface treatment methods result in different physical, mechanical, and biological properties, and we expect that some approaches may potentially have more superior effects on promoting osseointegration than the others.…”