Surface metallization in bulk and uncoated highly polar Fe doped LiNbO3 crystals and plasmonic application potentials

Dramatic n-Type Doping of Monolayer Graphene with Ferroelectric LiNbO3 Crystals and Bilayer Two-Dimensional Electron Gases

“…The charge transferring density can be obtained by integrating the PDOS from the conduction band minimum to the Fermi level. , The electron density that accumulated on the graphene by the charge transferring from LN is 2.51 × 10 14 cm –2 . It should be noted that, since the slab is doped with Fe atoms, which provide more carriers, the accumulation of electrons in the actual samples is mostly from the body of LN . It is very interesting to estimate the plasma frequency of the n-doped graphene, knowing that the thickness is around 0.38 nm for a monolayer graphene.…”

“…It should be noted that, since the slab is doped with Fe atoms, which provide more carriers, the accumulation of electrons in the actual samples is mostly from the body of LN. 23 It is very interesting to estimate the plasma frequency of the n-doped graphene, knowing that the thickness is around 0.38 nm for a monolayer graphene. By simple estimation, the electron density increase to the monolayer graphene is Δn = 6.6 × 10 21 cm −3 .…”

“…Especially, the interface polar discontinuity can cause surface atom reconstruction and charge carrier transfer to compensate the SP. − The depolarization process can accumulate 2DEGs in the nanometric scale on the surface, which is able to support visible surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) . Recently, it has been proven theoretically and experimentally that bare LN or ITO-coated LN has a surface-metallized layer (2DEG in essence) to support visible SPPs, which leads to extremely intense energy coupling between laser beams and SPPs. − In fact, the super strong SP field can exert on the covering layer or other adsorbates. Based on this influence, an all-optical modulator was conceived and simulated lately, yet more related theoretical and experimental works are needed.…”

Unidirectional scattering of surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of indium-tin-oxide coated Fe-doped LiNbO3

“…Apart from the ultra-low loss, the sensitivity of SPP resonance to the surface environment such as humidity, atmosphere, and ions, is stronger in ITO/LN slab, showing potential in environment detection. 28) The field enhancement in ITO/LN slab is weaker than in metal from two aspects. Firstly, the incident light field can transmit through the nanometer metallized ITO film.…”